Attractive or repulsive force that is exerted between the poles of
a magnet and electrically charged moving particles
Magnetic field
A vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electric
charges in relative motion and magnetized materials
Magnetic sorption technology A process by which a magnetic solid holds molecules of a gas or
liquid or solute as a thin film
Mechanical stability
The quality of being free from change or variation
Microemulsion
A thermodynamically stable, isotropic emulsion with a droplet
size of 1–100 nm
Nanoparticle
A microscopic particle with at least one dimension less than
100 nm
Permanent magnet
Material with the magnetic field that is generated by the internal
structure of the material itself
Pyrolysis
Decomposition brought about by high temperatures
Reverse micelle
Aqueous-phase droplet in organic solvent that is stabilized by
surfactant
Sol-gel
A wet chemical process involving the formation of an inorganic
colloidal suspension (sol) and gelation of the sol in a continuous
liquid phase (gel) to form a three-dimensional network structure
Stöber method
A chemical process for preparation of silica (SiO 2 ) particles of
controllable and uniform size
Sonochemical
Application of ultrasound to chemical reactions and processes
Thermal decomposition
Some compounds breaking down when heated, forming two or
more products from one reactant
Thermal stability
The ability of the material to resist the action of heat and to
maintain its properties
Toxic substances
Substances that can be poisonous or cause health effects
Water purification
The process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water
References
1. Mitchell BS (2004) An introduction to materials engineering and science for chemical and
materials engineers. Wiley, New Jersey, USA
2. Harris IR, Willams AJ (2009) Magnetic materials. In: Rawlings RD (ed) Materials science and
engineering – volume II. EOLSS, UK, pp 49–83
3. Birčáková Z, Kollár P, Füzer J, Bureš R, Fáberová M (2020) Magnetic properties of selected
Fe-based soft magnetic composites interpreted in terms of Jiles-Atherton model parameters. J
Magn Magn Mater 502:166514
4. Spellman FR (2014) Fundamentals of electricity, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
5. Spellman FR, Bieber RM (2011) The science of renewable energy. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,
USA
6. Allia P, Barrera G, Tiberto P (2020) Hysteresis effects in magnetic nanoparticles: a simplified
rate-equation approach. J Magn Magn Mater 496:165927
7. Dobrzański LA, Drak M, Ziębowicz B (2006) Materials with specific magnetic properties. J
Achiev Mater Manuf Eng 17(1–2):37–40
8. Hatch GP, Stelter RR (2001) Magnetic design considerations for devices and particles used for
biological high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) systems. J Magn Magn Mater
225:262–276
9. Buschow KHJ, de Boer FR (2004) Physics of magnetism and magnetic materials. Kluwer
Academic, Moscow
10 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials
407
a magnet and electrically charged moving particles
Magnetic field
A vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electric
charges in relative motion and magnetized materials
Magnetic sorption technology A process by which a magnetic solid holds molecules of a gas or
liquid or solute as a thin film
Mechanical stability
The quality of being free from change or variation
Microemulsion
A thermodynamically stable, isotropic emulsion with a droplet
size of 1–100 nm
Nanoparticle
A microscopic particle with at least one dimension less than
100 nm
Permanent magnet
Material with the magnetic field that is generated by the internal
structure of the material itself
Pyrolysis
Decomposition brought about by high temperatures
Reverse micelle
Aqueous-phase droplet in organic solvent that is stabilized by
surfactant
Sol-gel
A wet chemical process involving the formation of an inorganic
colloidal suspension (sol) and gelation of the sol in a continuous
liquid phase (gel) to form a three-dimensional network structure
Stöber method
A chemical process for preparation of silica (SiO 2 ) particles of
controllable and uniform size
Sonochemical
Application of ultrasound to chemical reactions and processes
Thermal decomposition
Some compounds breaking down when heated, forming two or
more products from one reactant
Thermal stability
The ability of the material to resist the action of heat and to
maintain its properties
Toxic substances
Substances that can be poisonous or cause health effects
Water purification
The process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water
References
1. Mitchell BS (2004) An introduction to materials engineering and science for chemical and
materials engineers. Wiley, New Jersey, USA
2. Harris IR, Willams AJ (2009) Magnetic materials. In: Rawlings RD (ed) Materials science and
engineering – volume II. EOLSS, UK, pp 49–83
3. Birčáková Z, Kollár P, Füzer J, Bureš R, Fáberová M (2020) Magnetic properties of selected
Fe-based soft magnetic composites interpreted in terms of Jiles-Atherton model parameters. J
Magn Magn Mater 502:166514
4. Spellman FR (2014) Fundamentals of electricity, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
5. Spellman FR, Bieber RM (2011) The science of renewable energy. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,
USA
6. Allia P, Barrera G, Tiberto P (2020) Hysteresis effects in magnetic nanoparticles: a simplified
rate-equation approach. J Magn Magn Mater 496:165927
7. Dobrzański LA, Drak M, Ziębowicz B (2006) Materials with specific magnetic properties. J
Achiev Mater Manuf Eng 17(1–2):37–40
8. Hatch GP, Stelter RR (2001) Magnetic design considerations for devices and particles used for
biological high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) systems. J Magn Magn Mater
225:262–276
9. Buschow KHJ, de Boer FR (2004) Physics of magnetism and magnetic materials. Kluwer
Academic, Moscow
10 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials
407