Glossary
American Water Works
Association (AWWA)
An international non-profit, scientific, and educational association
founded to improve water quality and supply
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
(CCME)
Is the primary minister-led intergovernmental forum for collective
action on environmental issues of national and international
concern
DO sat
Dissolved oxygen in water at saturation concentration
K H
The value for the Henry’s Law constant for oxygen decreases as
temperature increases
Normalized Sum of
Excursions (nse)
Is the collective amount by which individual tests are out of
compliance. This is calculated by summing the excursions of
individual tests from their objectives and dividing by the total
number of tests
Principal component analysis/factor analysis
(PCA/FA)
are multivariate statistical methods that analyze several variables to
reduce a large dimension of data to a relatively smaller number of
dimensions.
Surface Water Quality
Monitoring (SWQM)
Program that monitors and evaluates physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of aquatic systems as a basis for effective
policy.
Water framework directive (WFD)
EU directive which commits European Union member states to
achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies
Water quality
The condition of the water, including chemical, physical, and
biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for
a particular purpose, such as drinking or swimming.
Water Quality Indices
(WQIs)
A tool that aggregates results of several types of physical, chemical,
and biological measurements into a single indicator of water quality conditions for streams and lakes.
Exerted biochemical oxygen demand (mg/L of O 2 )
at time t (BOD t )
Is the increases of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e.,
demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic
material present in a given water sample by a time
Table 3.20 Comparison of die-off rates and treatment effectiveness for different microbes
Microbial
indicator
Light? Settling?
Surface
filtration?
Die-off
rates (k)
Ability to
multiply
Survival in
sediments?
Total coliforms
Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Yes
Moderate
Fecal coliforms
Yes
Yes
Yes
0.7–1.0/
day
Yes
Days
Fecal
streptococci
Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Low
Weeks
Escherichia coli Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Low
Months
Salmonella spp. Yes
Yes
Yes
1.5/day
Yes
Weeks to
months
Psuedonomas
aeruginosa
Yes
Partial
Yes
?
Yes
Months
Crytospoidium
spp.
No
Partial
Partial
1.5/day
No
Months
Giardia spp.
No
Partial
Partial
1.5/day
No
Months
110
H. A. Aziz et al.
American Water Works
Association (AWWA)
An international non-profit, scientific, and educational association
founded to improve water quality and supply
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
(CCME)
Is the primary minister-led intergovernmental forum for collective
action on environmental issues of national and international
concern
DO sat
Dissolved oxygen in water at saturation concentration
K H
The value for the Henry’s Law constant for oxygen decreases as
temperature increases
Normalized Sum of
Excursions (nse)
Is the collective amount by which individual tests are out of
compliance. This is calculated by summing the excursions of
individual tests from their objectives and dividing by the total
number of tests
Principal component analysis/factor analysis
(PCA/FA)
are multivariate statistical methods that analyze several variables to
reduce a large dimension of data to a relatively smaller number of
dimensions.
Surface Water Quality
Monitoring (SWQM)
Program that monitors and evaluates physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of aquatic systems as a basis for effective
policy.
Water framework directive (WFD)
EU directive which commits European Union member states to
achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies
Water quality
The condition of the water, including chemical, physical, and
biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for
a particular purpose, such as drinking or swimming.
Water Quality Indices
(WQIs)
A tool that aggregates results of several types of physical, chemical,
and biological measurements into a single indicator of water quality conditions for streams and lakes.
Exerted biochemical oxygen demand (mg/L of O 2 )
at time t (BOD t )
Is the increases of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e.,
demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic
material present in a given water sample by a time
Table 3.20 Comparison of die-off rates and treatment effectiveness for different microbes
Microbial
indicator
Light? Settling?
Surface
filtration?
Die-off
rates (k)
Ability to
multiply
Survival in
sediments?
Total coliforms
Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Yes
Moderate
Fecal coliforms
Yes
Yes
Yes
0.7–1.0/
day
Yes
Days
Fecal
streptococci
Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Low
Weeks
Escherichia coli Yes
Yes
Yes
1/day
Low
Months
Salmonella spp. Yes
Yes
Yes
1.5/day
Yes
Weeks to
months
Psuedonomas
aeruginosa
Yes
Partial
Yes
?
Yes
Months
Crytospoidium
spp.
No
Partial
Partial
1.5/day
No
Months
Giardia spp.
No
Partial
Partial
1.5/day
No
Months
110
H. A. Aziz et al.