16 Green Economy Approach to Develop Bioactive …
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more Laccase on its surface than BC, despite similar surface area of both. Moreover, horseradish peroxidase and laccase displayed 47.1 and 18% higher enzymatic
activity on MBC than on BC [108]. 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium
(an IL) chloride (IL-Cl) was grafted on non-magnetic BC to catalyse cellulose
hydrolysis into reducing sugars (RSs) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in water
under microwave irradiation, which provide good catalysis efficiency with 4.03–
4.89 turnover number [109]. Removal of dyes from aqueous solution is possible by
using MBC which was synthesized by dispersion of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs into the matrix of
cellulose dissolved in ILs. The magnetic nature of this MBC catalyst facilitates the
separation during recycling CoFe 2 O 4 NPs loaded BC having strong magnetic property, graphitized structure and rich porosity which can be used as an activator for
peroxymonosulfate to degrade bis-phenol A. The synergistic effect between CoFe 2 O 4
and graphitized structure is responsible for superior catalytic activity and reusability
of MBC after five consecutive reaction cycles with no considerable loss of Co and Fe
ions [110]. Organic compounds are considered as role models of pollutants if they are
not degraded properly. So, the degradation of these compounds has become necessary, MBC in this regard play crucial role due to their good adsorption capacity. MBC
containing Fe 3 O 4 NPs was used to develop a novel magnetic catalytic composite
(MBC) which consist a α-MnO 2 nano-rods. The as prepared catalytic composite
showed an excellent removal activity for 4-chlorophenol. In addition, the separation
of MBC from reaction media was easily done by applying external magnetic field
and slightly reduction in removal efficiency of MBC catalyst was also noticed with
the reaction cycles repetition [111]. By discussed above studies, it is clear MBC can
be used in various fields but still no data has reported on the application of MBC as a
catalyst in organic molecules synthesis. But at the same time, some of MBC’s characteristics are found to be just like MNPs so we can use MBCs as catalyst in organic
synthesis.MBC has capability to graft ILs on its surface so it would easy to develop
an MBC-ILs supportive catalyst. Therefore, MBC-ILs can also play important role
to derive various DMs analogue with green chemistry principles.
16.5 Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2, which has caused COVID-19 pandemic, has become a world-wide
issue till now that imparts huge negative effects on both population health and world
economy. There are two scenarios that have been reported: people, who have a strong
immune system, get infected with virus and recover after some duration naturally,
while people with weak immune system are sensitive to virus and they need drugs
and vaccines to heal this infection. Therefore, researches are engaged to develop such
type of vaccine or drug to heal SARS-CoV-2 completely. In this context, numerous
drugs have been tried to recover SARS-CoV-2 infected peoples. DMs is one of them
that has reported a decrease in mortality among humans. Because of this advantage,
it is essential that DMs be cost effective and synthesized with a green sustainable
approach. In this regard, based on review of various available data, ILs, MBC, and
427
more Laccase on its surface than BC, despite similar surface area of both. Moreover, horseradish peroxidase and laccase displayed 47.1 and 18% higher enzymatic
activity on MBC than on BC [108]. 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium
(an IL) chloride (IL-Cl) was grafted on non-magnetic BC to catalyse cellulose
hydrolysis into reducing sugars (RSs) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in water
under microwave irradiation, which provide good catalysis efficiency with 4.03–
4.89 turnover number [109]. Removal of dyes from aqueous solution is possible by
using MBC which was synthesized by dispersion of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs into the matrix of
cellulose dissolved in ILs. The magnetic nature of this MBC catalyst facilitates the
separation during recycling CoFe 2 O 4 NPs loaded BC having strong magnetic property, graphitized structure and rich porosity which can be used as an activator for
peroxymonosulfate to degrade bis-phenol A. The synergistic effect between CoFe 2 O 4
and graphitized structure is responsible for superior catalytic activity and reusability
of MBC after five consecutive reaction cycles with no considerable loss of Co and Fe
ions [110]. Organic compounds are considered as role models of pollutants if they are
not degraded properly. So, the degradation of these compounds has become necessary, MBC in this regard play crucial role due to their good adsorption capacity. MBC
containing Fe 3 O 4 NPs was used to develop a novel magnetic catalytic composite
(MBC) which consist a α-MnO 2 nano-rods. The as prepared catalytic composite
showed an excellent removal activity for 4-chlorophenol. In addition, the separation
of MBC from reaction media was easily done by applying external magnetic field
and slightly reduction in removal efficiency of MBC catalyst was also noticed with
the reaction cycles repetition [111]. By discussed above studies, it is clear MBC can
be used in various fields but still no data has reported on the application of MBC as a
catalyst in organic molecules synthesis. But at the same time, some of MBC’s characteristics are found to be just like MNPs so we can use MBCs as catalyst in organic
synthesis.MBC has capability to graft ILs on its surface so it would easy to develop
an MBC-ILs supportive catalyst. Therefore, MBC-ILs can also play important role
to derive various DMs analogue with green chemistry principles.
16.5 Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2, which has caused COVID-19 pandemic, has become a world-wide
issue till now that imparts huge negative effects on both population health and world
economy. There are two scenarios that have been reported: people, who have a strong
immune system, get infected with virus and recover after some duration naturally,
while people with weak immune system are sensitive to virus and they need drugs
and vaccines to heal this infection. Therefore, researches are engaged to develop such
type of vaccine or drug to heal SARS-CoV-2 completely. In this context, numerous
drugs have been tried to recover SARS-CoV-2 infected peoples. DMs is one of them
that has reported a decrease in mortality among humans. Because of this advantage,
it is essential that DMs be cost effective and synthesized with a green sustainable
approach. In this regard, based on review of various available data, ILs, MBC, and