Chapter 16
Green Economy Approach to Develop
Bioactive Dexamethasone Analogue
Scaffold Against SARS CoV-2
Kavita Singhal and Ajay Kumar
Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
epidemic has become an extraordinary medical challenging issue that caused severe
negative impacts on population health and the world economy. The epidemic has
completely engulfed the human civilization on a large scale. Therefore, the development of some promising, cheap, and eco-friendly drugs is required for the treatment
of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, dexamethasone (DMs), a corticosteroid medication has
a wide therapeutic application including against SARS-CoV-2. DMs has been found
useful in controlling the damaging effect of cytokines as well as it’s over production
in various critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 but some drawbacks of DMs were
also reported in literatures. The complex chemical synthesis of DMs has generated
abundant amounts of waste products that affect the yield of DMs along with its cost.
Hence, to tackle the above explained issues of DMs, analogues of DMs have been
required to synthesis by the green approach. So that it will be non-hazardous toward
the body and easily available to mankind. Green synthesis of DMs analogue scaffold
contains ionic liquid (IL) as both solvent and catalyst but a number of studies show
that the extraction of IL from synthesis reaction is quite a difficult process. Hence,
a supportive catalyst is required for easy extraction of IL from reaction mixture.
Magnetic bio-char (MBC) and magnetic nano particles (MNP) are considered as
promising candidates for the supportive catalyst with IL as they can easily extract
from synthesis reaction via magnetic separation method. The sol-gel method provides
an effective means to develop the eco-friendly biocatalysts MBC-IL and MNP-IL.
Moreover, MBC-IL and MNP-IL are efficient to load numerous drugs and using
in drug delivery system. Therefore, the present investigation provides an effective
means to develop a cost-effective, non-hazardous biocompatible, and reusable catalyst with green principle approach for the synthesis of DMs as they are useful for the
treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and similar types of disease.
K. Singhal · A. Kumar (B)
Chemistry Department, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
e-mail: ajay.tiwari1591@gmail.com
K. Singhal
e-mail: kavitasinghal1891@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
C. Chakraborty et al. (eds.), The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66490-9_16
371
Green Economy Approach to Develop
Bioactive Dexamethasone Analogue
Scaffold Against SARS CoV-2
Kavita Singhal and Ajay Kumar
Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
epidemic has become an extraordinary medical challenging issue that caused severe
negative impacts on population health and the world economy. The epidemic has
completely engulfed the human civilization on a large scale. Therefore, the development of some promising, cheap, and eco-friendly drugs is required for the treatment
of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, dexamethasone (DMs), a corticosteroid medication has
a wide therapeutic application including against SARS-CoV-2. DMs has been found
useful in controlling the damaging effect of cytokines as well as it’s over production
in various critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 but some drawbacks of DMs were
also reported in literatures. The complex chemical synthesis of DMs has generated
abundant amounts of waste products that affect the yield of DMs along with its cost.
Hence, to tackle the above explained issues of DMs, analogues of DMs have been
required to synthesis by the green approach. So that it will be non-hazardous toward
the body and easily available to mankind. Green synthesis of DMs analogue scaffold
contains ionic liquid (IL) as both solvent and catalyst but a number of studies show
that the extraction of IL from synthesis reaction is quite a difficult process. Hence,
a supportive catalyst is required for easy extraction of IL from reaction mixture.
Magnetic bio-char (MBC) and magnetic nano particles (MNP) are considered as
promising candidates for the supportive catalyst with IL as they can easily extract
from synthesis reaction via magnetic separation method. The sol-gel method provides
an effective means to develop the eco-friendly biocatalysts MBC-IL and MNP-IL.
Moreover, MBC-IL and MNP-IL are efficient to load numerous drugs and using
in drug delivery system. Therefore, the present investigation provides an effective
means to develop a cost-effective, non-hazardous biocompatible, and reusable catalyst with green principle approach for the synthesis of DMs as they are useful for the
treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and similar types of disease.
K. Singhal · A. Kumar (B)
Chemistry Department, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
e-mail: ajay.tiwari1591@gmail.com
K. Singhal
e-mail: kavitasinghal1891@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
C. Chakraborty et al. (eds.), The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66490-9_16
371