316
P. Dwivedi and M. K. Singha
There are two types of sensors that can be used for healthcare IoT. One is wearable flexible sensors and another is traditional Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
(MEMS) based wearable sensors and devices but without flexibility. Though MEMS
based sensors and devices lack flexibility, they can be integrated in a printed circuit
board (PCB) circuit easily. Therefore these types of devices have the opportunity to
have their own microcontroller and coin types batteries which power the controller
circuit and are able to transmit data through Zigbee or Bluetooth to the smartphones.
Recently a flexible microcontroller circuit or RAM is fabricated on a flexible substrate
by PragmaticIC. They can customize the design based on customers’ demand and
applications. Mostly 32 bit microcontroller is used worldwide for IoT based applications. Intel and ARM have their own 32 bit specialized processor which is used
for large scale IoT applications. For small scale applications, JAVA ME embedded
(128 KB RAM and 1 MB ROM) can be used. It has its own operating system [64].
Any IoT system requires numerous numbers of communication and network. It was
discussed earlier in the “Network in IoT” section. System components are another
part of IoT. Sensors sense the body and then it converts it to digital form. Then these
digital data will be sent through different network protocols and gateway. During
transmission of data from the patient to doctor and doctor to patient needs a serious
security-enabled protocol. A password for each individual and devices should be
generated and TLS/SSL protocol should be followed between mobile and cloud
communication. Table 13.2 shows the IoT based different healthcare systems.
Table 13.2 IoT based healthcare system
Device
Application
Communication
medium
Method of testing References
Microphone and
smart sensor
Voice monitoring
Wireless,
bluetooth
App, cloud
computing
[64]
RF ID based
Patients disease
monitoring
Radio frequency
identification
(RFID)
Directional
antenna,
softwares
[65]
Biomedical sensors Real time health
monitoring
–
Sensors
[66]
Wearable device
Diabetes monitoring Using App
Smartphone and
smartwatch
[67]
Wearable
electrocardiogram
monitoring system
(ECG)
ECG monitoring
Bluetooth, 4G
LTE RF
Analog front end,
BLE, cloud
[68]
Sensor array
Diabetes
management based
on IoT
Internet,
Bluetooth
Blood sugar, and
blood pressure
[69]
Smart T-shirt
ECG monitoring
Bluetooth low
energy (BLE)
App, AFE chip,
MCU,
[70]
P. Dwivedi and M. K. Singha
There are two types of sensors that can be used for healthcare IoT. One is wearable flexible sensors and another is traditional Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
(MEMS) based wearable sensors and devices but without flexibility. Though MEMS
based sensors and devices lack flexibility, they can be integrated in a printed circuit
board (PCB) circuit easily. Therefore these types of devices have the opportunity to
have their own microcontroller and coin types batteries which power the controller
circuit and are able to transmit data through Zigbee or Bluetooth to the smartphones.
Recently a flexible microcontroller circuit or RAM is fabricated on a flexible substrate
by PragmaticIC. They can customize the design based on customers’ demand and
applications. Mostly 32 bit microcontroller is used worldwide for IoT based applications. Intel and ARM have their own 32 bit specialized processor which is used
for large scale IoT applications. For small scale applications, JAVA ME embedded
(128 KB RAM and 1 MB ROM) can be used. It has its own operating system [64].
Any IoT system requires numerous numbers of communication and network. It was
discussed earlier in the “Network in IoT” section. System components are another
part of IoT. Sensors sense the body and then it converts it to digital form. Then these
digital data will be sent through different network protocols and gateway. During
transmission of data from the patient to doctor and doctor to patient needs a serious
security-enabled protocol. A password for each individual and devices should be
generated and TLS/SSL protocol should be followed between mobile and cloud
communication. Table 13.2 shows the IoT based different healthcare systems.
Table 13.2 IoT based healthcare system
Device
Application
Communication
medium
Method of testing References
Microphone and
smart sensor
Voice monitoring
Wireless,
bluetooth
App, cloud
computing
[64]
RF ID based
Patients disease
monitoring
Radio frequency
identification
(RFID)
Directional
antenna,
softwares
[65]
Biomedical sensors Real time health
monitoring
–
Sensors
[66]
Wearable device
Diabetes monitoring Using App
Smartphone and
smartwatch
[67]
Wearable
electrocardiogram
monitoring system
(ECG)
ECG monitoring
Bluetooth, 4G
LTE RF
Analog front end,
BLE, cloud
[68]
Sensor array
Diabetes
management based
on IoT
Internet,
Bluetooth
Blood sugar, and
blood pressure
[69]
Smart T-shirt
ECG monitoring
Bluetooth low
energy (BLE)
App, AFE chip,
MCU,
[70]