292
G. Palani et al.
Human coronavirus NL63, and MERS-Corona Virus which is a natural host. Further,
rodents are the main cause of HCoV-OC43 and HKU1. The less sustaining ability
of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) generates mutations mainly due
to the replication of RNA viruses. The variation in the genome gives rise by viral
RdRP, it would be helpful for the existing organism to stick [15]. The mutation rates
are varying in RNA viruses based on the new hosts are shown in earlier studies.
When we look at the same interchange ratio for coronaviruses it may be nearly
around 1 × 10
−3 /synonymous/year, which is very low when compared with some
other RNA viruses. Viral exoribonuclease nsp14 is used partially to control the mutation rate during coronavirus replication. If not, SARS-COVID 19 has been entering
continuously to various groups globally during the widespread [16].
From the database of GISAID submitted in January 2020, the data of nCoV-19
sequences, the virus was earlier identified in the last December 2019 from China,
Wuhan. Though, there is so much variation while comparing the old sequence
database with the currently submitted sequences gathered from North America in
early 2020. These viral sequences are changing continuously; phylogenetic network
construction is very hard to find the growth of the microorganism in distinct populations and surroundings. Though the microorganism continuously spreading inside
the person to person or other human coronaviruses, join together between COVID
and past coronaviruses, such as Human coronavirus 229E, OC43, and HCoV HKU1,
still haven’t found. The research shows that three types of genetic viruses have been
spreading/passing worldwide [17]. The studies also demonstrate that the pathogens
may also relate to the environmental location, size of the sample and different
analyzing studies are still being an argument in the research field. Though there
is various research and arguments are going on, it is still not clear that the virus
is affected by replication environments like immunological and genetic restrictions
with the evolution of SARS-COVID, in varying person populations. The selection
process of SARS-COVID mutations with evolutionary pressure is on the process. The
examination of the variation in patterns of COVID will provide a detailed database
for a different population about vaccine development [18].
12.4 Analysis and Survey
12.4.1 Survey Report
There are 2 types of rapid Point of Care method that can able to find the COVID-19
virus, first one is nucleic acid and antibody (Ab) tests. This AB test is generally
carried out by finding the presence of the microorganism in infected human Sputum
or through snot i.e., nose or mouth. Finding the growth of the microorganism at
the beginning phase of infection or before the start of the symptoms appears these
kinds of tests are acting well, and it will be accurate [19]. If we see on the other
side, the IgG/IgM test—antibody test is carried out by getting an infected person
G. Palani et al.
Human coronavirus NL63, and MERS-Corona Virus which is a natural host. Further,
rodents are the main cause of HCoV-OC43 and HKU1. The less sustaining ability
of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) generates mutations mainly due
to the replication of RNA viruses. The variation in the genome gives rise by viral
RdRP, it would be helpful for the existing organism to stick [15]. The mutation rates
are varying in RNA viruses based on the new hosts are shown in earlier studies.
When we look at the same interchange ratio for coronaviruses it may be nearly
around 1 × 10
−3 /synonymous/year, which is very low when compared with some
other RNA viruses. Viral exoribonuclease nsp14 is used partially to control the mutation rate during coronavirus replication. If not, SARS-COVID 19 has been entering
continuously to various groups globally during the widespread [16].
From the database of GISAID submitted in January 2020, the data of nCoV-19
sequences, the virus was earlier identified in the last December 2019 from China,
Wuhan. Though, there is so much variation while comparing the old sequence
database with the currently submitted sequences gathered from North America in
early 2020. These viral sequences are changing continuously; phylogenetic network
construction is very hard to find the growth of the microorganism in distinct populations and surroundings. Though the microorganism continuously spreading inside
the person to person or other human coronaviruses, join together between COVID
and past coronaviruses, such as Human coronavirus 229E, OC43, and HCoV HKU1,
still haven’t found. The research shows that three types of genetic viruses have been
spreading/passing worldwide [17]. The studies also demonstrate that the pathogens
may also relate to the environmental location, size of the sample and different
analyzing studies are still being an argument in the research field. Though there
is various research and arguments are going on, it is still not clear that the virus
is affected by replication environments like immunological and genetic restrictions
with the evolution of SARS-COVID, in varying person populations. The selection
process of SARS-COVID mutations with evolutionary pressure is on the process. The
examination of the variation in patterns of COVID will provide a detailed database
for a different population about vaccine development [18].
12.4 Analysis and Survey
12.4.1 Survey Report
There are 2 types of rapid Point of Care method that can able to find the COVID-19
virus, first one is nucleic acid and antibody (Ab) tests. This AB test is generally
carried out by finding the presence of the microorganism in infected human Sputum
or through snot i.e., nose or mouth. Finding the growth of the microorganism at
the beginning phase of infection or before the start of the symptoms appears these
kinds of tests are acting well, and it will be accurate [19]. If we see on the other
side, the IgG/IgM test—antibody test is carried out by getting an infected person