244
J. R. S. Selvan Christyraj et al.
further enhances the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid and hepatitis through
injuries caused by sharps which are contaminated with blood.
10.3.1 Biomedical Effects of COVID-19
According to the World Health Organisation report, the Non-communicable disease
(Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Chronic respiratory disease, and Diabetes) and other
health services are highly influenced by COVID-19. Almost majority of countries
(53%) are partially or completely interrupted by COVID-19. The medical emergency
was highly concerned for patients with diabetes (49%), cancer (42%) and cardiovascular (31%). Significantly, COVID-19 infection rate is increasing day by day, this
imposes pressure on the demand of hospitals and medicines to tackle the challenges.
Specifically, the requirement for medical resources (ventilators, masks, gloves, face
shields, gowns and hand sanitizer) is in greater demand. In addition, the mental and
physical pressure of healthcare workers on hospitals is becoming very high. The inadequate providence or inappropriate usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
has highly affected many healthcare workers and general public. Especially, psychological context of humans has been profoundly affected by this pandemic. Notably,
many adolescents have committed suicide by stress, anxiety, fears and loneliness.
The over reactions of the body immune system (cytokine storm) also have induced
in COVID-19 cases [16], because their infection did not only affect the lungs, but
some of them have reported with gut issues, kidney failure and multi organ failure
[17].
Even after global quarantine and containment, COVID-19 reported 26.3 Million
infected persons with 869 K reported deaths (3.3% mortality) as on 04-09-2020.
At present, there is no proper medication reported for treating COVID-19, government and private organizations are struggling to find out the effective drugs to fight
against new coronavirus. The spread of COVID-19 infected patient and more asymptomatic carriers are the reason for pandemic emergence of the disease which are
reported with minimal of 7–14 days of incubation period, and the longest in few
cases are reported with 21 days [18]. Dry cough, fever, fatigue, conditions of respiratory distress syndrome, shock, sepsis followed with death are the most commonly
observed. Even though COVID-19 shows varying symptoms from mild to moderate
level, most of the infected people recover by their own without hospitalization. Meanwhile, many patients have recovered from the COVID-19, whereas the effects of
COVID-19 may influence the future health of comorbidity patients.
10.3.2 Understanding the Actual Status of Medical Waste
According to World Health Organization (WHO), biomedical waste may be defined
as clinical waste resulting from patient operations and clinical specimens and all
J. R. S. Selvan Christyraj et al.
further enhances the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid and hepatitis through
injuries caused by sharps which are contaminated with blood.
10.3.1 Biomedical Effects of COVID-19
According to the World Health Organisation report, the Non-communicable disease
(Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Chronic respiratory disease, and Diabetes) and other
health services are highly influenced by COVID-19. Almost majority of countries
(53%) are partially or completely interrupted by COVID-19. The medical emergency
was highly concerned for patients with diabetes (49%), cancer (42%) and cardiovascular (31%). Significantly, COVID-19 infection rate is increasing day by day, this
imposes pressure on the demand of hospitals and medicines to tackle the challenges.
Specifically, the requirement for medical resources (ventilators, masks, gloves, face
shields, gowns and hand sanitizer) is in greater demand. In addition, the mental and
physical pressure of healthcare workers on hospitals is becoming very high. The inadequate providence or inappropriate usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
has highly affected many healthcare workers and general public. Especially, psychological context of humans has been profoundly affected by this pandemic. Notably,
many adolescents have committed suicide by stress, anxiety, fears and loneliness.
The over reactions of the body immune system (cytokine storm) also have induced
in COVID-19 cases [16], because their infection did not only affect the lungs, but
some of them have reported with gut issues, kidney failure and multi organ failure
[17].
Even after global quarantine and containment, COVID-19 reported 26.3 Million
infected persons with 869 K reported deaths (3.3% mortality) as on 04-09-2020.
At present, there is no proper medication reported for treating COVID-19, government and private organizations are struggling to find out the effective drugs to fight
against new coronavirus. The spread of COVID-19 infected patient and more asymptomatic carriers are the reason for pandemic emergence of the disease which are
reported with minimal of 7–14 days of incubation period, and the longest in few
cases are reported with 21 days [18]. Dry cough, fever, fatigue, conditions of respiratory distress syndrome, shock, sepsis followed with death are the most commonly
observed. Even though COVID-19 shows varying symptoms from mild to moderate
level, most of the infected people recover by their own without hospitalization. Meanwhile, many patients have recovered from the COVID-19, whereas the effects of
COVID-19 may influence the future health of comorbidity patients.
10.3.2 Understanding the Actual Status of Medical Waste
According to World Health Organization (WHO), biomedical waste may be defined
as clinical waste resulting from patient operations and clinical specimens and all