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by land and oceans during the last 50 years. Nature 488:70–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature
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energy to mitigate climate change. Nat Energy 2:17140. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.201
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5. Crisp D, Pollock HR, Rosenberg R et al (2017) The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon
observatory-2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products. Atmos Meas
Tech 10:59–81
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Sci Data 11:1783–1838
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National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. In: Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K
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the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012. Earth Syst Sci Data
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Data 8:605–649. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016
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Sci Data Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2017-123
11. Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein P et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2018. Earth Syst
Sci Data 10:2141–2194. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
12. Le Quéré C, Jackson RB, Jones MW et al (2020) Temporary reduction in daily global CO 2
emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement. Nat Clim Chang 10:647–653. https://doi.
org/10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x
13. Liu Z, Guan D, Wei W et al (2015) Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel
combustion and cement production in China. Nature 524:335–338. https://doi.org/10.1038/nat
ure14677
14. Liu Z, Ciais P, Deng Z et al (2020) Near-real-time data captured record decline in global CO 2
emissions due to COVID-19. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2004/2004.13614.pdf
15. Lalit G, Emeka C, Nasser N, Chinmay C, Garg G (2020) Anonymity preserving IoT-based
COVID-19 and other infectious disease contact tracing model. IEEE Access 14. https://doi.
org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3020513
16. May B (2020) Outlook darkens as coronavirus spreads. World Economic Prospects Monthly.
Economic Outlook. Oxford Econ 44:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0319.12473
17. McCollum DL, Gambhir A, Rogelj J et al (2020) Energy modellers should explore extremes
more systematically in scenarios. Nat Energy 5:104–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-0200555-3
18. Olivier JG, Peters J (2019) Trends in global CO 2 and total greenhouse gas emissions. PBL
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 5. https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/
downloads/pbl-2020-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2019-report_
4068.pdf.
19. Peters GP, Le Quéré C, Andrew RM et al (2017) Towards real-time verification of CO 2
emissions. Nat Clim Change 7:848–850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0013-9
20. Schwandner FM, Gunson MR, Miller CE et al (2017) Spaceborne detection of localized carbon
dioxide sources. Science 358:eaam5782. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5782
A. Dasgotra et al.
References
1. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Breon F-M et al (2012) A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from
fossil-fuel combustion. Biogeosci 9:1845–2187. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1845-2012
2. Ballantyne AP, Alden CB, Miller JB et al (2012) Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake
by land and oceans during the last 50 years. Nature 488:70–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature
11299
3. Creutzig F, Agoston P, Goldschmidt JC et al (2017) The underestimated potential of solar
energy to mitigate climate change. Nat Energy 2:17140. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.201
7.140
4. Crippa M, Solazzo E, Huang G et al (2020) High resolution temporal profiles in the emissions
database for global atmospheric research. Sci Data 7:121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-0200462-2
5. Crisp D, Pollock HR, Rosenberg R et al (2017) The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon
observatory-2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products. Atmos Meas
Tech 10:59–81
6. Friedlingstein P, Jones MW, O’Sullivan M et al (2019) Global carbon budget 2019. Earth Syst
Sci Data 11:1783–1838
7. IPCC (2006) IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. In: Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K
et al (eds) IGES, Hayama, Japan
8. Janssens-Maenhout G, Crippa M, Guizzardi D et al (2019) EDGAR v4. 3.2 global Atlas of
the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012. Earth Syst Sci Data
11:959–1002. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-959-2019
9. Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Canadell JG et al (2016) Global carbon budget 2016. Earth Syst Sci
Data 8:605–649. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016
10. Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein P et al (2017) Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst
Sci Data Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2017-123
11. Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein P et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2018. Earth Syst
Sci Data 10:2141–2194. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
12. Le Quéré C, Jackson RB, Jones MW et al (2020) Temporary reduction in daily global CO 2
emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement. Nat Clim Chang 10:647–653. https://doi.
org/10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x
13. Liu Z, Guan D, Wei W et al (2015) Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel
combustion and cement production in China. Nature 524:335–338. https://doi.org/10.1038/nat
ure14677
14. Liu Z, Ciais P, Deng Z et al (2020) Near-real-time data captured record decline in global CO 2
emissions due to COVID-19. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2004/2004.13614.pdf
15. Lalit G, Emeka C, Nasser N, Chinmay C, Garg G (2020) Anonymity preserving IoT-based
COVID-19 and other infectious disease contact tracing model. IEEE Access 14. https://doi.
org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3020513
16. May B (2020) Outlook darkens as coronavirus spreads. World Economic Prospects Monthly.
Economic Outlook. Oxford Econ 44:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0319.12473
17. McCollum DL, Gambhir A, Rogelj J et al (2020) Energy modellers should explore extremes
more systematically in scenarios. Nat Energy 5:104–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-0200555-3
18. Olivier JG, Peters J (2019) Trends in global CO 2 and total greenhouse gas emissions. PBL
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 5. https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/
downloads/pbl-2020-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2019-report_
4068.pdf.
19. Peters GP, Le Quéré C, Andrew RM et al (2017) Towards real-time verification of CO 2
emissions. Nat Clim Change 7:848–850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0013-9
20. Schwandner FM, Gunson MR, Miller CE et al (2017) Spaceborne detection of localized carbon
dioxide sources. Science 358:eaam5782. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5782