6 Aftermath of Industrial Pollution, Post COVID-19 …
149
38
25
78
33
84
42
124 129
39 35
105
95
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Deaths per 100'000 capita
Amr LMIC
Amr HIC
Emr LMIC
Emr HIC
Eur LMIC
Eur HIC
Sear LMIC
Wpr LMIC
WPR HIC
HIC
LMIC
World
Where, HAP: Household air pollution; AAP: Ambient air pollution; Amr:
America;Emr: Eastern Mediterranean, Sear: South-East Asia; Wpr: Western
Pacific; LMIC: Low and Middle- income countries; HIC: High income countries
Fig. 6.3 Death per capita by the joint effect of HAP and AAP in 2016, region wise (Source [68])
number comes from Europe and America with 348,000 and 233,000 deaths, respectively. The remaining deaths are seen in countries with high income like Europe,
America, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific (Fig. 6.3) [68].
Air pollution is fundamentally of two types—Ambient air pollution (outdoor
air pollution) and Indoor air pollution. The chief cause of ambient air pollution are power generation, transport industry, building heating systems, agriculture, waste incineration, and various forms of industries releasing pollutants like
CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO 2 , lead, ozone, etc. However, for the indoor air pollution the
major sources include burning of fuel such as coal, wood, and cow-dung in inefficient stoves releasing a variety of health hazardous pollutants like the particulate
matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide, methane, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons,
and volatile organic compounds [9, 16, 73]. Exposure to these pollutants may cause
a large number of diseases affecting mostly children causing stroke, heart diseases,
chronic obstructive diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal injuries, and even poisonings
[16, 52].
In most of the countries the implementation of lockdown resulted in clean air,
blue skies, and a better visibility especially in the urban cities. Improvement in the
149
38
25
78
33
84
42
124 129
39 35
105
95
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Deaths per 100'000 capita
Amr LMIC
Amr HIC
Emr LMIC
Emr HIC
Eur LMIC
Eur HIC
Sear LMIC
Wpr LMIC
WPR HIC
HIC
LMIC
World
Where, HAP: Household air pollution; AAP: Ambient air pollution; Amr:
America;Emr: Eastern Mediterranean, Sear: South-East Asia; Wpr: Western
Pacific; LMIC: Low and Middle- income countries; HIC: High income countries
Fig. 6.3 Death per capita by the joint effect of HAP and AAP in 2016, region wise (Source [68])
number comes from Europe and America with 348,000 and 233,000 deaths, respectively. The remaining deaths are seen in countries with high income like Europe,
America, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific (Fig. 6.3) [68].
Air pollution is fundamentally of two types—Ambient air pollution (outdoor
air pollution) and Indoor air pollution. The chief cause of ambient air pollution are power generation, transport industry, building heating systems, agriculture, waste incineration, and various forms of industries releasing pollutants like
CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO 2 , lead, ozone, etc. However, for the indoor air pollution the
major sources include burning of fuel such as coal, wood, and cow-dung in inefficient stoves releasing a variety of health hazardous pollutants like the particulate
matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide, methane, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons,
and volatile organic compounds [9, 16, 73]. Exposure to these pollutants may cause
a large number of diseases affecting mostly children causing stroke, heart diseases,
chronic obstructive diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal injuries, and even poisonings
[16, 52].
In most of the countries the implementation of lockdown resulted in clean air,
blue skies, and a better visibility especially in the urban cities. Improvement in the