6 Aftermath of Industrial Pollution, Post COVID-19 …
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share in urban wastewater. Usually after pre-treatment the industrial wastewater is
discharged directly to the public sewage system [30].
Waterborne diseases are highly contagious in nature. Heavy rainfall and floods
promote the growth of infectious diseases even more, mainly in under developed and
developing countries. Near about 10% of the population consumes edibles that are
irrigated by contaminated water. Health risk associated with industrial water pollutants includes neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders,
cancer, diarrhoea, etc. Nitrogenous chemicals potently used in industries and irrigation are carcinogenic and are also linked to blue baby syndrome. Cancer mortality rate
is higher in rural areas than it is in urban areas as urban inhabitants use treated water
while rural population suffer lack of facilities. Pregnant ladies are more susceptible
to the negative effects of contaminated water; resulting in increased rate of premature
births, stillbirths, and low birth rates [63].
Polluted water declines the crop production rate, contaminates soil, and infects
food through biomagnification. It is also quite hazardous for aquatic life as the water
bodies are loaded with heavy metals (mainly iron) which interfere with the respiratory
system of aquatic animals. Iron deposits in the gills of fishes which is fatal for
them; which in turn are consumed by the man leading to major health issues. High
concentration of metals leads to renal failure, liver cirrhosis, neural disorder, and
hair loss. Pathogenic diseases are spread more efficiently via polluted water hence
affecting human health [24].
Soil pollution simply refers to the contamination of soil and deteriorated soil
quality. The pollutants reduce the quality of soil by affecting the pH and nutrient level,
which makes soil inhabitable for micro and macroorganisms which are crucially add
to soil composition. Natural processes and human activities both could results in
soil contamination hence, soil pollution. Although, soil contamination is majorly
the result of human activities. The presence of chemicals like ammonia, petroleum
hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, nitrate, mercury, lead, naphthalene in excessive amount contributes in soil contamination. The improper ways of chemical waste
disposal from industries also cause contamination of soil, which in the long run lead
to soil acidification. It causes detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem and the environment at large. Living, working, or playing in the contaminated soil leads to skin
diseases, respiratory disorders, and toxification. After rain the surface run off adds to
water bodies carrying pollutants in it eventually polluting underground water as well.
This water becomes unfit for human consumption as well as for animals, as attributed
with toxic chemicals. As soil is an important habitat for different microbes and other
animals like reptiles, mammals, birds, and insects therefore its contamination can
cause a massive imbalance in soil ecosystem. The soil pollution negatively impacts
the life of microflora as well as creating huge threat to grazing animals [55].
Another remotely discussed issue of industries is noise pollution which is refers
to the noise produced in factories which is jarring and intolerable. The unwanted
amplitude of sound becomes noise when it starts bothering the sanity of an individual. Industrial noise pollution is harmful to an alarming rate specifically to the
people who are in close surrounding to these industries. Noise more than 85 decibel,
is scientifically proved that it leads to hearing impairment and does not meet the
147
share in urban wastewater. Usually after pre-treatment the industrial wastewater is
discharged directly to the public sewage system [30].
Waterborne diseases are highly contagious in nature. Heavy rainfall and floods
promote the growth of infectious diseases even more, mainly in under developed and
developing countries. Near about 10% of the population consumes edibles that are
irrigated by contaminated water. Health risk associated with industrial water pollutants includes neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders,
cancer, diarrhoea, etc. Nitrogenous chemicals potently used in industries and irrigation are carcinogenic and are also linked to blue baby syndrome. Cancer mortality rate
is higher in rural areas than it is in urban areas as urban inhabitants use treated water
while rural population suffer lack of facilities. Pregnant ladies are more susceptible
to the negative effects of contaminated water; resulting in increased rate of premature
births, stillbirths, and low birth rates [63].
Polluted water declines the crop production rate, contaminates soil, and infects
food through biomagnification. It is also quite hazardous for aquatic life as the water
bodies are loaded with heavy metals (mainly iron) which interfere with the respiratory
system of aquatic animals. Iron deposits in the gills of fishes which is fatal for
them; which in turn are consumed by the man leading to major health issues. High
concentration of metals leads to renal failure, liver cirrhosis, neural disorder, and
hair loss. Pathogenic diseases are spread more efficiently via polluted water hence
affecting human health [24].
Soil pollution simply refers to the contamination of soil and deteriorated soil
quality. The pollutants reduce the quality of soil by affecting the pH and nutrient level,
which makes soil inhabitable for micro and macroorganisms which are crucially add
to soil composition. Natural processes and human activities both could results in
soil contamination hence, soil pollution. Although, soil contamination is majorly
the result of human activities. The presence of chemicals like ammonia, petroleum
hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, nitrate, mercury, lead, naphthalene in excessive amount contributes in soil contamination. The improper ways of chemical waste
disposal from industries also cause contamination of soil, which in the long run lead
to soil acidification. It causes detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem and the environment at large. Living, working, or playing in the contaminated soil leads to skin
diseases, respiratory disorders, and toxification. After rain the surface run off adds to
water bodies carrying pollutants in it eventually polluting underground water as well.
This water becomes unfit for human consumption as well as for animals, as attributed
with toxic chemicals. As soil is an important habitat for different microbes and other
animals like reptiles, mammals, birds, and insects therefore its contamination can
cause a massive imbalance in soil ecosystem. The soil pollution negatively impacts
the life of microflora as well as creating huge threat to grazing animals [55].
Another remotely discussed issue of industries is noise pollution which is refers
to the noise produced in factories which is jarring and intolerable. The unwanted
amplitude of sound becomes noise when it starts bothering the sanity of an individual. Industrial noise pollution is harmful to an alarming rate specifically to the
people who are in close surrounding to these industries. Noise more than 85 decibel,
is scientifically proved that it leads to hearing impairment and does not meet the