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R. S. Sharma et al.
the source for a diverse range of pollutants which significantly is a burden to society.
Usually this burden fails to get compensated because of the economic benefits and
local jobs for income. The common type of pollution caused by industrial pollution
is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and to some extent noise pollution
as well. Some other type of pollution created by industries includes radioactive
pollution and thermal pollution, although their amount is quite less in comparison to
the above-mentioned types of pollution. Air pollution can be given as introduction of
any unwanted substance in the air with concentration more than the desirable amount
is called as air pollution. There are commonly two sources of air pollution on the
earth namely Anthropogenic (man-made sources) and Natural sources. The major
cause of air pollution is related to the combustion of fossil fuels for example coal,
diesel, etc. The primary pollutants of air pollution are CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO x , CFC,
NH 3 , Volatile organic compounds (VOC), and Particulate matter [35]. Depending
upon the concentrations of pollutants in the exposed reason with high concentration
of air pollution emitted from the industrial zone decides the morbidity and mortality
level. Health hazard of these pollutants are discussed below:
Sulfur dioxide: disturbances in the respiratory symptoms and malfunctioning
of lung especially among asthmatic, bronchitis patients, and patients of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) [35].
Nitrogen oxides: inflammation of respiratory system; increased respiratory symptoms (attacks) among asthmatics and COPD patients; exposure to pregnant women
can cause fetal damage.
Carbon monoxide: decreased carrying capacity of oxygen in blood, resulting in
dizziness, headaches, and nausea; affects concentration; damage physical ability and
awareness. Major risk to fetuses and the elderly population [14].
Particulates: respiratory, cardiac morbidity, and mortality. Smaller sized particulates cause serious health damage as they penetrate deep into the respiratory
tract.
Non-methane volatile organic compounds: Mostly carcinogenic; can cause
damage to liver, kidney, digestive tract, and central nervous system; irritation in
eye, nose, and throat; headaches; loss in coordination; breath shortening; nausea;
allergic reactions; vexation [52].
Human activities add up to the contamination of water sources. Major water
sources include lake, river, oceans, aquifer, and groundwater. Direct release of inadequate treated water can lead to severe damage to aquatic ecosystem. This directly
affects the nearby population by inflicting major health problems. Scarcity of fresh
water leads to the contamination of public water sources, ultimately leading people
to use same polluted water. Consecutively, water pollution has become the world’s
leading cause of death and diseases (e.g. waterborne diseases). Industrial wastewater
contains pollutants such as heavy metals, organic burden, oil, and salts which impacts
widely, starting with damage to wastewater transportation system and wastewater
treatment systems, ending up with even more adverse quality of released effluents
which are later recovered for irrigation purpose. Concluding, industrial wastewater is
significantly more negatively potent toward the environment than its corresponding
R. S. Sharma et al.
the source for a diverse range of pollutants which significantly is a burden to society.
Usually this burden fails to get compensated because of the economic benefits and
local jobs for income. The common type of pollution caused by industrial pollution
is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and to some extent noise pollution
as well. Some other type of pollution created by industries includes radioactive
pollution and thermal pollution, although their amount is quite less in comparison to
the above-mentioned types of pollution. Air pollution can be given as introduction of
any unwanted substance in the air with concentration more than the desirable amount
is called as air pollution. There are commonly two sources of air pollution on the
earth namely Anthropogenic (man-made sources) and Natural sources. The major
cause of air pollution is related to the combustion of fossil fuels for example coal,
diesel, etc. The primary pollutants of air pollution are CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO x , CFC,
NH 3 , Volatile organic compounds (VOC), and Particulate matter [35]. Depending
upon the concentrations of pollutants in the exposed reason with high concentration
of air pollution emitted from the industrial zone decides the morbidity and mortality
level. Health hazard of these pollutants are discussed below:
Sulfur dioxide: disturbances in the respiratory symptoms and malfunctioning
of lung especially among asthmatic, bronchitis patients, and patients of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) [35].
Nitrogen oxides: inflammation of respiratory system; increased respiratory symptoms (attacks) among asthmatics and COPD patients; exposure to pregnant women
can cause fetal damage.
Carbon monoxide: decreased carrying capacity of oxygen in blood, resulting in
dizziness, headaches, and nausea; affects concentration; damage physical ability and
awareness. Major risk to fetuses and the elderly population [14].
Particulates: respiratory, cardiac morbidity, and mortality. Smaller sized particulates cause serious health damage as they penetrate deep into the respiratory
tract.
Non-methane volatile organic compounds: Mostly carcinogenic; can cause
damage to liver, kidney, digestive tract, and central nervous system; irritation in
eye, nose, and throat; headaches; loss in coordination; breath shortening; nausea;
allergic reactions; vexation [52].
Human activities add up to the contamination of water sources. Major water
sources include lake, river, oceans, aquifer, and groundwater. Direct release of inadequate treated water can lead to severe damage to aquatic ecosystem. This directly
affects the nearby population by inflicting major health problems. Scarcity of fresh
water leads to the contamination of public water sources, ultimately leading people
to use same polluted water. Consecutively, water pollution has become the world’s
leading cause of death and diseases (e.g. waterborne diseases). Industrial wastewater
contains pollutants such as heavy metals, organic burden, oil, and salts which impacts
widely, starting with damage to wastewater transportation system and wastewater
treatment systems, ending up with even more adverse quality of released effluents
which are later recovered for irrigation purpose. Concluding, industrial wastewater is
significantly more negatively potent toward the environment than its corresponding