6. The calibration curves are not totally linear, and when dealing
with a wide variety of standard concentrations, responses are
better fitted to polynomial curves.
7. Trimethylsilylation improves the response and shape of FFA
peaks which is reflected as lower relative standard deviation
values for C16:0 and C18:0 FFA (average RSD 3.5 for TMS
derivatives and 5.9 for non-silylated FFA, respectively).
Acknowledgment
This project was supported by the EU-funded SEABIOTECH
project (FP7-SBT-KBBE-311932, http://www.seabiotech.org/).
The authors thank Dr. Marilyn Wiebe who was kindly supplying
the Euglena gracilis biomass. The authors owe thanks to Airi
Hyrk€ as for excellent technical assistance in sample preparation and
optimization of the running conditions in UPLC-ELSD analyses,
especially.
References
1. Kumari P, Kumar M, Reddy CRK, Jha B, Dominguez H (2013) Algal lipids, fatty acids and
sterols. In: Dominguez H (ed) Functional
ingredients from algae for foods and nutraceuticals. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge,
pp 87–134
2. Amaro HM, Macedo A ˆ C, Malcata FX (2012)
Microalgae: an alternative as sustainable source
of biofuels? Energy 44:158–166
3. Schwenk D, Sepp€ al€ a J, Spilling K, Virkki A,
Tamminen T, Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Rischer
H (2013) Lipid content of 19 brackish and marine
microalgae: influence of growth phase, salinity and
temperature. Aquat Ecol 47:425–424
4. Yao L, Gerde JA, Lee S-L, Wang T, Harrata KA
(2015) Microalgae lipid characterization. Agric
Food Chem 63:1773–1787
5. Kendel M, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bertrand S,
Roussakis C, Bourgougnon N, Bedoux G (2015)
Lipid composition, fatty acids and sterols in the
seaweeds Ulva armoricana, and Solieria chordalis
from Brittany (France): an analysis from nutritional, chemotaxonomic, and antiproliferative
activity perspectives. Mar Drugs 13:5606–5628
6. Welti R, Wang X, Williams TD (2003) Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
scan modes for plant chloroplast lipids. Anal
Biochem 314:149–152
7. Matsuda F, Hayashi M, Kondo A (2011) Comparative profiling analysis of central metabolites
in Euglena gracilis under various cultivation
conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 75
(11):2253–2256
8. Teerawanichpan P, Qiu X (2010) Fatty acylCoA reductase and wax synthase from Euglena
gracilis in the biosynthesis of medium-chain
wax esters. Lipids 45:263–273
9. Parmar A, Singh NK, Pandey A, Gnasounou E,
Madamwar D (2011) Cyanobacteria and microalgae: a positive prospect for biofuels. Bioresour
Technol 102:10163–10172
10. Stranska-Zachariasova
M,
Kastanek
P,
Dzuman Z, Rupert J, Godula M, Hajslova J
(2016) Bioprospecting of microalgae: proper
extraction followed by high performance liquid
chromatographic-high resolution mass spectrometric fingerprinting as key tools for successful
metabolom characterization. J Chromatogr B
1015–1016:22–33
11. Samburova V, Lemos MS, Hiibel S, Hoekman
SK, Cushman JC, Zielinska B (2013) Analysis
of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids in algae
using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Am Oil Chem Soc
90:53–64
12. Jones J, Manning S, Montoya M, Keller K,
Poenie M (2012) Extraction of algal lipids
and their analysis by HPLC and mass spectrometry. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:1371–1381
13. Kobayashi N, Noel EA, Barnes A, Rosenberg J,
DiRusso C, Black P, Oyler GA (2013) Rapid
detection and quantification of triacylglycerol
UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and. . .
231
with a wide variety of standard concentrations, responses are
better fitted to polynomial curves.
7. Trimethylsilylation improves the response and shape of FFA
peaks which is reflected as lower relative standard deviation
values for C16:0 and C18:0 FFA (average RSD 3.5 for TMS
derivatives and 5.9 for non-silylated FFA, respectively).
Acknowledgment
This project was supported by the EU-funded SEABIOTECH
project (FP7-SBT-KBBE-311932, http://www.seabiotech.org/).
The authors thank Dr. Marilyn Wiebe who was kindly supplying
the Euglena gracilis biomass. The authors owe thanks to Airi
Hyrk€ as for excellent technical assistance in sample preparation and
optimization of the running conditions in UPLC-ELSD analyses,
especially.
References
1. Kumari P, Kumar M, Reddy CRK, Jha B, Dominguez H (2013) Algal lipids, fatty acids and
sterols. In: Dominguez H (ed) Functional
ingredients from algae for foods and nutraceuticals. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge,
pp 87–134
2. Amaro HM, Macedo A ˆ C, Malcata FX (2012)
Microalgae: an alternative as sustainable source
of biofuels? Energy 44:158–166
3. Schwenk D, Sepp€ al€ a J, Spilling K, Virkki A,
Tamminen T, Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Rischer
H (2013) Lipid content of 19 brackish and marine
microalgae: influence of growth phase, salinity and
temperature. Aquat Ecol 47:425–424
4. Yao L, Gerde JA, Lee S-L, Wang T, Harrata KA
(2015) Microalgae lipid characterization. Agric
Food Chem 63:1773–1787
5. Kendel M, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bertrand S,
Roussakis C, Bourgougnon N, Bedoux G (2015)
Lipid composition, fatty acids and sterols in the
seaweeds Ulva armoricana, and Solieria chordalis
from Brittany (France): an analysis from nutritional, chemotaxonomic, and antiproliferative
activity perspectives. Mar Drugs 13:5606–5628
6. Welti R, Wang X, Williams TD (2003) Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
scan modes for plant chloroplast lipids. Anal
Biochem 314:149–152
7. Matsuda F, Hayashi M, Kondo A (2011) Comparative profiling analysis of central metabolites
in Euglena gracilis under various cultivation
conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 75
(11):2253–2256
8. Teerawanichpan P, Qiu X (2010) Fatty acylCoA reductase and wax synthase from Euglena
gracilis in the biosynthesis of medium-chain
wax esters. Lipids 45:263–273
9. Parmar A, Singh NK, Pandey A, Gnasounou E,
Madamwar D (2011) Cyanobacteria and microalgae: a positive prospect for biofuels. Bioresour
Technol 102:10163–10172
10. Stranska-Zachariasova
M,
Kastanek
P,
Dzuman Z, Rupert J, Godula M, Hajslova J
(2016) Bioprospecting of microalgae: proper
extraction followed by high performance liquid
chromatographic-high resolution mass spectrometric fingerprinting as key tools for successful
metabolom characterization. J Chromatogr B
1015–1016:22–33
11. Samburova V, Lemos MS, Hiibel S, Hoekman
SK, Cushman JC, Zielinska B (2013) Analysis
of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids in algae
using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Am Oil Chem Soc
90:53–64
12. Jones J, Manning S, Montoya M, Keller K,
Poenie M (2012) Extraction of algal lipids
and their analysis by HPLC and mass spectrometry. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:1371–1381
13. Kobayashi N, Noel EA, Barnes A, Rosenberg J,
DiRusso C, Black P, Oyler GA (2013) Rapid
detection and quantification of triacylglycerol
UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and. . .
231