References
1. BIM (2014) The European market for sea
vegetables. Bord Iascaigh Mhara
2. Zemke-White WL, Ohno M (1999) World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. J
Appl Phycol 11:369–376
3. FAO (2014) The state of world fisheries and
aquaculture: opportunities and challenges.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome
4. Buschmann AH, Camus C, Infante J, Neori A,
Israel A ´ , Herna ´ndez-Gonza ´lez MC, Pereda SV,
Gomez-Pinchetti JL, Golberg A, TadmorShalev N, Critchley AT (2017) Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity.
Eur J Phycol 52:391–406. https://doi.org/
10.1080/09670262.2017.1365175
5. Jung KA, Lim S-R, Kim Y, Park JM (2013)
Potentials of macroalgae as feedstocks for biorefinery. Bioresour Technol 135:182–190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.
10.025
6. Noble B, Nwanekezie K (2017) Conceptualizing strategic environmental assessment: principles, approaches and research directions.
Environ Impact Assess Rev 62:165–173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.03.005
7. European Commission (2003) Technical
Guidance Document on Risk Assessment.
European Commission—Joint Research Centre Institute for Health and Consumer Protection European Chemicals Bureau (ECB),
Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg
8. International Organization for Standardization
(2006) Environmental management—life cycle
assessment—requirements and guidelines. BS
EN ISO 14044:2006+A1:2018
9. Cappelli A, Gigli E, Romagnoli F, Simoni S,
Blumberga D, Palerno M, Guerriero E (2015)
Co-digestion of macroalgae for biogas production: an LCA-based environmental evaluation.
Energy Procedia 72:3–10. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.002
10. Cappelli A, Gigli E, Muzi L, Renda R, Simoni S
(2010) Energetic and environmental impacts
related to transport and assembling processes
in a biogas production plant from marine
macroalgae (FP7 Project BioWALK4Biofuels).
Sci J Riga Tech Univ Environ Clim Technol
5:16–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10145010-0030-7
11. Czyrnek-Dele ˆtre MM, Rocca S, Agostini A,
Giuntoli J, Murphy JD (2017) Life cycle assessment of seaweed biomethane, generated from
seaweed sourced from integrated multi-trophic
aquaculture in temperate oceanic climates.
Appl Energy 196:34–50. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.129
12. Giwa A (2017) Comparative cradle-to-grave
life cycle assessment of biogas production
from marine algae and cattle manure biorefineries. Bioresour Technol 244:1470–1479.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.
05.143
13. Jung KA, Lim S-R, Kim Y, Park JM (2017)
Opportunity and challenge of seaweed
bioethanol based on life cycle CO 2 assessment.
Environ Prog Sustain Energy 36:200–207.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12446
14. Langlois J, Sassi J-F, Jard G, Steyer J-P, Delgenes J-P, He ´lias A (2012) Life cycle assessment of biomethane from offshore-cultivated
seaweed.
Biofuels
Bioprod
Biorefin
6:387–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.
1330
15. Pilicka I, Blumberga D, Romagnoli F (2011)
Life cycle assessment of biogas production
from marine macroalgae: a latvian scenario.
Sci J Riga Tech Univ Environ Clim Technol
6:69–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10145011-0010-6
16. Aitken D, Bulboa C, Godoy-Faundez A,
Turrion-Gomez JL, Antizar-Ladislao B
(2014) Life cycle assessment of macroalgae cultivation and processing for biofuel production.
J Clean Prod 75:45–56. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.080
17. Alvarado-Morales M, Boldrin A, Karakashev
DB, Holdt SL, Angelidaki I, Astrup T (2013)
Life cycle assessment of biofuel production
from brown seaweed in Nordic conditions.
Bioresour Technol 129:92–99. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.029
18. Seghetta M, Hou X, Bastianoni S, Bjerre A-B,
Thomsen M (2016) Life cycle assessment of
macroalgal biorefinery for the production of
ethanol, proteins and fertilizers—a step
towards a regenerative bioeconomy. J Clean
Prod 137:1158–1169. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.195
19. Jensen A (1993) Present and future needs for
algae and algal products. Hydrobiologia
260/261:15–23
116
Michele Seghetta and Pietro Goglio
1. BIM (2014) The European market for sea
vegetables. Bord Iascaigh Mhara
2. Zemke-White WL, Ohno M (1999) World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. J
Appl Phycol 11:369–376
3. FAO (2014) The state of world fisheries and
aquaculture: opportunities and challenges.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome
4. Buschmann AH, Camus C, Infante J, Neori A,
Israel A ´ , Herna ´ndez-Gonza ´lez MC, Pereda SV,
Gomez-Pinchetti JL, Golberg A, TadmorShalev N, Critchley AT (2017) Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity.
Eur J Phycol 52:391–406. https://doi.org/
10.1080/09670262.2017.1365175
5. Jung KA, Lim S-R, Kim Y, Park JM (2013)
Potentials of macroalgae as feedstocks for biorefinery. Bioresour Technol 135:182–190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.
10.025
6. Noble B, Nwanekezie K (2017) Conceptualizing strategic environmental assessment: principles, approaches and research directions.
Environ Impact Assess Rev 62:165–173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.03.005
7. European Commission (2003) Technical
Guidance Document on Risk Assessment.
European Commission—Joint Research Centre Institute for Health and Consumer Protection European Chemicals Bureau (ECB),
Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg
8. International Organization for Standardization
(2006) Environmental management—life cycle
assessment—requirements and guidelines. BS
EN ISO 14044:2006+A1:2018
9. Cappelli A, Gigli E, Romagnoli F, Simoni S,
Blumberga D, Palerno M, Guerriero E (2015)
Co-digestion of macroalgae for biogas production: an LCA-based environmental evaluation.
Energy Procedia 72:3–10. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.002
10. Cappelli A, Gigli E, Muzi L, Renda R, Simoni S
(2010) Energetic and environmental impacts
related to transport and assembling processes
in a biogas production plant from marine
macroalgae (FP7 Project BioWALK4Biofuels).
Sci J Riga Tech Univ Environ Clim Technol
5:16–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10145010-0030-7
11. Czyrnek-Dele ˆtre MM, Rocca S, Agostini A,
Giuntoli J, Murphy JD (2017) Life cycle assessment of seaweed biomethane, generated from
seaweed sourced from integrated multi-trophic
aquaculture in temperate oceanic climates.
Appl Energy 196:34–50. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.129
12. Giwa A (2017) Comparative cradle-to-grave
life cycle assessment of biogas production
from marine algae and cattle manure biorefineries. Bioresour Technol 244:1470–1479.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.
05.143
13. Jung KA, Lim S-R, Kim Y, Park JM (2017)
Opportunity and challenge of seaweed
bioethanol based on life cycle CO 2 assessment.
Environ Prog Sustain Energy 36:200–207.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12446
14. Langlois J, Sassi J-F, Jard G, Steyer J-P, Delgenes J-P, He ´lias A (2012) Life cycle assessment of biomethane from offshore-cultivated
seaweed.
Biofuels
Bioprod
Biorefin
6:387–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.
1330
15. Pilicka I, Blumberga D, Romagnoli F (2011)
Life cycle assessment of biogas production
from marine macroalgae: a latvian scenario.
Sci J Riga Tech Univ Environ Clim Technol
6:69–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10145011-0010-6
16. Aitken D, Bulboa C, Godoy-Faundez A,
Turrion-Gomez JL, Antizar-Ladislao B
(2014) Life cycle assessment of macroalgae cultivation and processing for biofuel production.
J Clean Prod 75:45–56. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.080
17. Alvarado-Morales M, Boldrin A, Karakashev
DB, Holdt SL, Angelidaki I, Astrup T (2013)
Life cycle assessment of biofuel production
from brown seaweed in Nordic conditions.
Bioresour Technol 129:92–99. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.029
18. Seghetta M, Hou X, Bastianoni S, Bjerre A-B,
Thomsen M (2016) Life cycle assessment of
macroalgal biorefinery for the production of
ethanol, proteins and fertilizers—a step
towards a regenerative bioeconomy. J Clean
Prod 137:1158–1169. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.195
19. Jensen A (1993) Present and future needs for
algae and algal products. Hydrobiologia
260/261:15–23
116
Michele Seghetta and Pietro Goglio