Chapter 3
Rating and Evaluation of Pollution
Source Intensity for Typical
Groundwater Contamination Sites
Abstract Pollution source intensity evaluation for typical groundwater contamination sites clarifies groundwater pollution load and lays the foundation for
groundwater risk assessment. The variety of pollution sources leads to differences
in the process of pollution and in the types, migration pathways and enrichment
areas of pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine the whole
process of groundwater contamination specific to source, pathway and receptor, and
to develop a methodology for rating and evaluating pollution source intensity of
major groundwater contamination sites, which takes into account pollution sources,
vadose zone and aquifer characteristics.
Keywords Municipal solid waste landfill Á Hazardous waste landfill Á
Oil-contaminated site Á Groundwater Á Pollution source Á Pollution source intensity
3.1 Indicators of Pollution Source Intensity Evaluation
Typical groundwater contamination sites include HWLFs, MSWLFs and OCS.
They affect groundwater in different ways due to a variety of factors, such as
pollutant types, leakage models, pollution pathways, emission outlets and periods,
and emission source intensity (Ju et al. 2009). In order to evaluate pollution source
intensity, appropriate indicators should be selected for different groundwater contamination sites based on systematic analysis of the characteristics of groundwater
environmental pollution (Li et al. 2014; Xi 2016).
3.1.1 Characteristic Factors of MSWLFs Hazards
With consideration to population density, economic status and natural environment,
data collection, field investigation, and on-site sampling and analysis are carried out
to collect the basic information of landfills, covering characteristic pollutants, site
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
B. Xi et al., Investigation and Assessment Technology for Typical
Groundwater-contaminated Sites and Application Cases,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2845-3_3
33
Rating and Evaluation of Pollution
Source Intensity for Typical
Groundwater Contamination Sites
Abstract Pollution source intensity evaluation for typical groundwater contamination sites clarifies groundwater pollution load and lays the foundation for
groundwater risk assessment. The variety of pollution sources leads to differences
in the process of pollution and in the types, migration pathways and enrichment
areas of pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine the whole
process of groundwater contamination specific to source, pathway and receptor, and
to develop a methodology for rating and evaluating pollution source intensity of
major groundwater contamination sites, which takes into account pollution sources,
vadose zone and aquifer characteristics.
Keywords Municipal solid waste landfill Á Hazardous waste landfill Á
Oil-contaminated site Á Groundwater Á Pollution source Á Pollution source intensity
3.1 Indicators of Pollution Source Intensity Evaluation
Typical groundwater contamination sites include HWLFs, MSWLFs and OCS.
They affect groundwater in different ways due to a variety of factors, such as
pollutant types, leakage models, pollution pathways, emission outlets and periods,
and emission source intensity (Ju et al. 2009). In order to evaluate pollution source
intensity, appropriate indicators should be selected for different groundwater contamination sites based on systematic analysis of the characteristics of groundwater
environmental pollution (Li et al. 2014; Xi 2016).
3.1.1 Characteristic Factors of MSWLFs Hazards
With consideration to population density, economic status and natural environment,
data collection, field investigation, and on-site sampling and analysis are carried out
to collect the basic information of landfills, covering characteristic pollutants, site
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
B. Xi et al., Investigation and Assessment Technology for Typical
Groundwater-contaminated Sites and Application Cases,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2845-3_3
33