U.S. management model for contaminated sites. Under the Guidelines, the
survey of soil and groundwater pollution is divided into three categories:
vicinity wells contamination-type, site assessment-type, and site
contamination-type. The technical process focuses on the survey of site contamination and consists of data site survey, general site condition survey and
detailed site survey.
The data site survey includes site walkover survey, interview, and data collection, but excludes the analysis of samples, and the general site condition survey
collects and tests ground soil and topsoil samples. The detailed site survey
makes clear the spatial distribution of pollutants by such technical means as
exploration drilling, which paves the foundation for soil and groundwater
remediation in the next step.
4. Canada
Canada promulgated the Contaminated Sites Regulations in 1997 and 2005
respectively. Based on sampling and testing, the condition of pollution is
described and the risk of contamination scoped to identify the potential
migration and exposure pathways for pollutants, the location of sensitive
receptors, the direct or potential exposure pathways for population and to
develop a conceptual site model. The National Classification System for
Contaminated Sites (NCSCS) is a comprehensive risk assessment system that
takes into account pollutant characteristics, pollutant migration capabilities and
exposure pathways. It evaluates the risk of groundwater contamination at sites
based on calculated risk values.
5. Netherlands
In the Netherlands, groundwater is deemed seriously contaminated where the
average pollutant concentration exceeds the intervention value by more than
100 m
3 . In this case, the hazards to human and ecosystem health will be
evaluated using appropriate models, so as to determine the urgency of contaminated sites under the step-by-step risk assessment system.
6. Germany
At present, Germany has put in place a relatively complete management system
for contaminated sites, covering the identification, risk assessment, remediation
and test of contaminated sites.
1.2.2 Evolution and Current Situation of Investigation
and Assessment in China
Relative to developed countries, China started the investigation and risk assessment
late for contaminated sites and has not yet established a perfect legal system for
groundwater pollution prevention and control. It is not until early twenty-first
century that China began to conduct investigation and risk assessment for typical
1.2 Research Progress at Home and Abroad
5
survey of soil and groundwater pollution is divided into three categories:
vicinity wells contamination-type, site assessment-type, and site
contamination-type. The technical process focuses on the survey of site contamination and consists of data site survey, general site condition survey and
detailed site survey.
The data site survey includes site walkover survey, interview, and data collection, but excludes the analysis of samples, and the general site condition survey
collects and tests ground soil and topsoil samples. The detailed site survey
makes clear the spatial distribution of pollutants by such technical means as
exploration drilling, which paves the foundation for soil and groundwater
remediation in the next step.
4. Canada
Canada promulgated the Contaminated Sites Regulations in 1997 and 2005
respectively. Based on sampling and testing, the condition of pollution is
described and the risk of contamination scoped to identify the potential
migration and exposure pathways for pollutants, the location of sensitive
receptors, the direct or potential exposure pathways for population and to
develop a conceptual site model. The National Classification System for
Contaminated Sites (NCSCS) is a comprehensive risk assessment system that
takes into account pollutant characteristics, pollutant migration capabilities and
exposure pathways. It evaluates the risk of groundwater contamination at sites
based on calculated risk values.
5. Netherlands
In the Netherlands, groundwater is deemed seriously contaminated where the
average pollutant concentration exceeds the intervention value by more than
100 m
3 . In this case, the hazards to human and ecosystem health will be
evaluated using appropriate models, so as to determine the urgency of contaminated sites under the step-by-step risk assessment system.
6. Germany
At present, Germany has put in place a relatively complete management system
for contaminated sites, covering the identification, risk assessment, remediation
and test of contaminated sites.
1.2.2 Evolution and Current Situation of Investigation
and Assessment in China
Relative to developed countries, China started the investigation and risk assessment
late for contaminated sites and has not yet established a perfect legal system for
groundwater pollution prevention and control. It is not until early twenty-first
century that China began to conduct investigation and risk assessment for typical
1.2 Research Progress at Home and Abroad
5