31 Investigation of the Behaviour of a New Nanogrid Concept …
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(SOL). The SOH is a diagnostic indicator, which shows the capacity change of the
energy storage originating from the ageing and usage. The SOL is also a diagnostic
indicator which indicates the possibility of sever failures after a given ageing of the
storage (Topan et al. 2016; Buchman and Lung 2018; Hou et al. 2017; Xia and Wei
2016). To get these information the nanogrids ESMS needs to communicate with the
battery of the ICT devices, which means that a special software should be installed
on the laptops and smart phones, however this is not possible on other devices e.g.
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) phones. If the installation
of the special program is not possible then the inclusion of the device in the nanogrid
is more difficult because the knowledge of the charging profile is necessary. If the
battery voltage is known the charging SOC can be estimated and according this the
constant current or constant voltage charging can be selected. The different charging
types and the respective battery voltage, charging current and SOC are shown in
Fig. 31.1. The third phase is the trickle charging which is also constant voltage
charging with lower voltage level, closer to the battery voltage. This phase is not
applicable to all battery types e.g. lithium-ion batteries. This charging type is also
not selected by the nanogrids ESMS for any type of battery.
If the ESMS has the necessary informations it can make the decision if the battery
can be charged and which battery will be charged.
Fig. 31.1 The charging
phases of a battery displayed
in battery voltage, charging
current and SOC
445
(SOL). The SOH is a diagnostic indicator, which shows the capacity change of the
energy storage originating from the ageing and usage. The SOL is also a diagnostic
indicator which indicates the possibility of sever failures after a given ageing of the
storage (Topan et al. 2016; Buchman and Lung 2018; Hou et al. 2017; Xia and Wei
2016). To get these information the nanogrids ESMS needs to communicate with the
battery of the ICT devices, which means that a special software should be installed
on the laptops and smart phones, however this is not possible on other devices e.g.
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) phones. If the installation
of the special program is not possible then the inclusion of the device in the nanogrid
is more difficult because the knowledge of the charging profile is necessary. If the
battery voltage is known the charging SOC can be estimated and according this the
constant current or constant voltage charging can be selected. The different charging
types and the respective battery voltage, charging current and SOC are shown in
Fig. 31.1. The third phase is the trickle charging which is also constant voltage
charging with lower voltage level, closer to the battery voltage. This phase is not
applicable to all battery types e.g. lithium-ion batteries. This charging type is also
not selected by the nanogrids ESMS for any type of battery.
If the ESMS has the necessary informations it can make the decision if the battery
can be charged and which battery will be charged.
Fig. 31.1 The charging
phases of a battery displayed
in battery voltage, charging
current and SOC