31 Investigation of the Behaviour of a New Nanogrid Concept …
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31.1.4 Nanogrid Control
Usually the nanogrid control is making decisions which source and which load is
active. If an energy storage is present then in the decision making also the management of the storage is involved. The goal is to use the renewable source of the
nanogrid and the sources outside the nanogrid only if there is no other possibility. If
the outside sources have different costs, e.g. an other nanogrids renewable sources
and the public distribution networks are also involved, then also the costs should be
taken into account.
In all cases the control needs predictions about the amount of the generated power
and the power demand of the loads in the nanogrid to balance the loads and sources
and load the energy storage (Lujano-Rojas et al. 2012; Teleke et al. 2014). Some
loads can be switched automatically on and off for shifting the demand in time and
so lowering the costs for the consumed energy (Zhu et al. 2018).
The control has the following constraints to take into account by the decision
making:
• power balance
• capacity
• output power
• battery operation
• load curtailment
• interruption duration
• number of interruptions
• interruption time interval
• shiftable load balance
For the control data from the weather conditions, solar irradiation and user
behaviour should be present to be able to optimize the energy usage of the nanogrid
and so create a close to optimal working state.
31.2 A New Nanogrid Concept
One possible nanogrid could be an office in an office building. The energy generation
in this case could be wall and roof mounted photovoltaic cells. Each office has its
own dedicated PV cells. The goal is to run the nanogrid so, that the generated energy
from the PV cells runs the ICT devices in the office. Therefore energy storage is
necessary to compensate the changes in the amount of generated energy due to the
solar radiation changes.
443
31.1.4 Nanogrid Control
Usually the nanogrid control is making decisions which source and which load is
active. If an energy storage is present then in the decision making also the management of the storage is involved. The goal is to use the renewable source of the
nanogrid and the sources outside the nanogrid only if there is no other possibility. If
the outside sources have different costs, e.g. an other nanogrids renewable sources
and the public distribution networks are also involved, then also the costs should be
taken into account.
In all cases the control needs predictions about the amount of the generated power
and the power demand of the loads in the nanogrid to balance the loads and sources
and load the energy storage (Lujano-Rojas et al. 2012; Teleke et al. 2014). Some
loads can be switched automatically on and off for shifting the demand in time and
so lowering the costs for the consumed energy (Zhu et al. 2018).
The control has the following constraints to take into account by the decision
making:
• power balance
• capacity
• output power
• battery operation
• load curtailment
• interruption duration
• number of interruptions
• interruption time interval
• shiftable load balance
For the control data from the weather conditions, solar irradiation and user
behaviour should be present to be able to optimize the energy usage of the nanogrid
and so create a close to optimal working state.
31.2 A New Nanogrid Concept
One possible nanogrid could be an office in an office building. The energy generation
in this case could be wall and roof mounted photovoltaic cells. Each office has its
own dedicated PV cells. The goal is to run the nanogrid so, that the generated energy
from the PV cells runs the ICT devices in the office. Therefore energy storage is
necessary to compensate the changes in the amount of generated energy due to the
solar radiation changes.