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A. Halász et al.
31.1.1 Problems Emerging from Distributed Generation
The environmental friendly renewable energy sources and the electric energy generation from these are creating a new challenge for the electric energy distribution and
so for the network. The power plants created with the new, renewable technologies
are smaller in power capacity and so higher number of small plants provide the
electric energy for the network. This changes the energy generation from the old
centralised approach to a new decentralised one, which means that a different distribution network is needed for reliable operation than before. An other point is that
the renewable energy sources are not present in the necessary amount all the time,
and so the amount of electric energy produced by these plants are more difficult to
predict and hold in balance with the consumption.
31.1.2 Possibilities of Smart Grids
The forecast difficulties of the renewable energy sources are leading to the necessity
of a new type of distributed network, the so called smart grid. The goal of this new
grid is a reliable, efficient and more secure operation despite the unpredictable nature
of the energy sources.
The smaller parts of the smart grids are the so called microgrids, which are in
a range of a few bigger buildings or a block of small buildings. These network
parts are able to work independently or coupled together. The microgrids are low or
middle voltage networks with energy generation and storage components beside the
consumers and network parts. The local energy generation and storage makes the off
grid operation also possible.
31.1.3 The Nanogrid
The nanogrid is a similar concept to the microgorid but in a smaller size, as the electric
network of one building or more just a part of a building. In the case of the nanogrids
the energy storage is not a necessity, but limits the off grid operation possibilities.
The connection of more nanogrids together and share its resources is also possible
with a more complex management system for the nanogrids. Usually these nanogrids
connected together are also treated as a microgrid. To run nanogrids economically
the sharing of the energy generating and storage resources is inevitable. (Díaz et al.
2015; Isikman et al. 2013; Burmester et al. 2017).
A. Halász et al.
31.1.1 Problems Emerging from Distributed Generation
The environmental friendly renewable energy sources and the electric energy generation from these are creating a new challenge for the electric energy distribution and
so for the network. The power plants created with the new, renewable technologies
are smaller in power capacity and so higher number of small plants provide the
electric energy for the network. This changes the energy generation from the old
centralised approach to a new decentralised one, which means that a different distribution network is needed for reliable operation than before. An other point is that
the renewable energy sources are not present in the necessary amount all the time,
and so the amount of electric energy produced by these plants are more difficult to
predict and hold in balance with the consumption.
31.1.2 Possibilities of Smart Grids
The forecast difficulties of the renewable energy sources are leading to the necessity
of a new type of distributed network, the so called smart grid. The goal of this new
grid is a reliable, efficient and more secure operation despite the unpredictable nature
of the energy sources.
The smaller parts of the smart grids are the so called microgrids, which are in
a range of a few bigger buildings or a block of small buildings. These network
parts are able to work independently or coupled together. The microgrids are low or
middle voltage networks with energy generation and storage components beside the
consumers and network parts. The local energy generation and storage makes the off
grid operation also possible.
31.1.3 The Nanogrid
The nanogrid is a similar concept to the microgorid but in a smaller size, as the electric
network of one building or more just a part of a building. In the case of the nanogrids
the energy storage is not a necessity, but limits the off grid operation possibilities.
The connection of more nanogrids together and share its resources is also possible
with a more complex management system for the nanogrids. Usually these nanogrids
connected together are also treated as a microgrid. To run nanogrids economically
the sharing of the energy generating and storage resources is inevitable. (Díaz et al.
2015; Isikman et al. 2013; Burmester et al. 2017).