8 Designing for Vehicle Recyclability from the Perspectives of Material …
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Table 8.2 Multi-material combinations for the different vehicle components Elgowainy et al.
(2015)
Category
Component
Steel/cast iron
Stainless steel
Aluminium
(wrought)
Aluminium
(cast)
Copper
Magnesium
Lead
Glass
Plastic
Rubber
CFRP
Glider
Body
Exterior
Interior
Chassis
Weld blanks and fasteners
Powertrain
Engine
Engine fuel storage system
Powertrain thermal
Fuel cell stack
Fuel cell auxiliaries
Exhaust
Powertrain electrical
Emission controls
Weld blanks and fasteners
Transmission
ICEV
HEV, FCEV and PHEV
Traction motor
Wheels
component
Wheels
Tires
Battery
Lead-acid battery (ICEV)
Li-ion battery (HEV, FCEV,
PHEV, BEV)
Major material (at least 30wt.% of the component)
Minor material (less than 30wt.% of the component)
Fig. 8.2 Joint selection for recycling based on the VDI 2243 guidelines Rosen et al. (1996)