68
(i) Inflammation
(ii) Proliferation and
(iii) Remodeling (Goh et al. 2016).
In all stages, especially the second and third, multiple families of growth factors
play diverse vital and integrated roles. There has been a lot of attempts made for
engineering polysaccharide scaffolds to bind and improve growth factors, which
demonstrate a better effect on the repair of a wound than free growth factors (Goh
et al. 2016; Wu et al. 2016). Macrophage activity is known to perform a significant
function in wound healing from surgery or trauma. Therapy with β-glucan has provided improvements such as fewer infections, reduced mortality, and stronger tensile strength of scar tissue in both animal and human studies (Xie et al. 2016a).
4.8 Conclusion
Polysaccharides are natural biomaterials which are inexpensive and are readily available. Lots of polysaccharides have been developed into functional foods. Many of the
bioactive polysaccharides are already existing in food and pharmaceutical products as
functional and bioactive ingredients. These myriads of bioactive polysaccharides with
different structures from different sources and physicochemical properties shall continue
to be a large source of material for medical applications and the production of healthy
and sustainable food. More importantly, information on the mechanism of antitumor
activities by polysaccharides is a promising area of research towards the development of
novel therapies such as adjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of malignancies
which can be used in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery.
References
Ahmad A, Anjum FM, Zahoor T, Nawaz H, Dilshad SMR (2012) Beta glucan: a valuable functional ingredient in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 52(3):201–212
Beluhan S, Ranogajec A (2011) Chemical composition and non-volatile components of Croatian
wild edible mushrooms. Food Chem 124(3):1076–1082
Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A, Rajak KK, Murari K, Bharti BK, Gupta AK (2013) Antidiabetic
activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced T2DM rats. Food Chem 136(2):813–821
Brauchla M, Juan W, Story J, Kranz S (2012) Sources of dietary fiber and the association of fiber
intake with childhood obesity risk (in 2–18 year olds) and diabetes risk of adolescents 12–18
year olds: NHANES 2003–2006. J Nutr Metab. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/736258
Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R (2008) Changes
in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–
induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57(6):1470–1481
Carvalho S, Levi-Schaffer F, Sela M, Yarden Y (2016) Immunotherapy of cancer: from monoclonal to oligoclonal cocktails of anti-cancer antibodies: IUPHAR review 18. Br J Pharmacol
173(9):1407–1424
T. A. Oyedepo and A. A. A. Kayode
(i) Inflammation
(ii) Proliferation and
(iii) Remodeling (Goh et al. 2016).
In all stages, especially the second and third, multiple families of growth factors
play diverse vital and integrated roles. There has been a lot of attempts made for
engineering polysaccharide scaffolds to bind and improve growth factors, which
demonstrate a better effect on the repair of a wound than free growth factors (Goh
et al. 2016; Wu et al. 2016). Macrophage activity is known to perform a significant
function in wound healing from surgery or trauma. Therapy with β-glucan has provided improvements such as fewer infections, reduced mortality, and stronger tensile strength of scar tissue in both animal and human studies (Xie et al. 2016a).
4.8 Conclusion
Polysaccharides are natural biomaterials which are inexpensive and are readily available. Lots of polysaccharides have been developed into functional foods. Many of the
bioactive polysaccharides are already existing in food and pharmaceutical products as
functional and bioactive ingredients. These myriads of bioactive polysaccharides with
different structures from different sources and physicochemical properties shall continue
to be a large source of material for medical applications and the production of healthy
and sustainable food. More importantly, information on the mechanism of antitumor
activities by polysaccharides is a promising area of research towards the development of
novel therapies such as adjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of malignancies
which can be used in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery.
References
Ahmad A, Anjum FM, Zahoor T, Nawaz H, Dilshad SMR (2012) Beta glucan: a valuable functional ingredient in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 52(3):201–212
Beluhan S, Ranogajec A (2011) Chemical composition and non-volatile components of Croatian
wild edible mushrooms. Food Chem 124(3):1076–1082
Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A, Rajak KK, Murari K, Bharti BK, Gupta AK (2013) Antidiabetic
activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced T2DM rats. Food Chem 136(2):813–821
Brauchla M, Juan W, Story J, Kranz S (2012) Sources of dietary fiber and the association of fiber
intake with childhood obesity risk (in 2–18 year olds) and diabetes risk of adolescents 12–18
year olds: NHANES 2003–2006. J Nutr Metab. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/736258
Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R (2008) Changes
in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–
induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57(6):1470–1481
Carvalho S, Levi-Schaffer F, Sela M, Yarden Y (2016) Immunotherapy of cancer: from monoclonal to oligoclonal cocktails of anti-cancer antibodies: IUPHAR review 18. Br J Pharmacol
173(9):1407–1424
T. A. Oyedepo and A. A. A. Kayode