598
medication to age-old practices, e.g. grounding of wine and curd bread. These substantial processes are healthy planned aged and conservative biotechnology. A
diversity of extremely responsive techniques can now be functional to the segregation and description of genes and the quantization of gene. An elementary perception is essential to these techniques; i.e. complementary base pairs form hydrogen
bonds with every other- A with T and G with C. For instance, in DNA cloning,
1
a
fastidious division of genetic material is unconcerned from its ordinary surroundings by means of one of numerous constraint endonucleases. For the purpose to
obtain desire gene specific restriction endonucleases are used to cut DNA and producing sticky ends for proper insertion of gene into vector. The vector is also cut
1 Cloning is a procedure in which identical copies of genes are produced. A gene can be cloned by
polymerase chain reaction that produces a lesser number of copies with in laboratory and recombinant DNA technology that produces large quantity of genes in a living cell.
Table 26.2 A selected list of human proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology for
treatment of human disorders (Chakraborty and Mungantiwar 2003)
Disorder
Recombinant protein
Anemia
Hemoglobin, Erythropoietin
Asthma
Interleukin 1 receptor
Atherosclerosis
Platelet Derived Growth Factor
Delivery
Relaxin (Bell et al. 1993)
Blood Clots
Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Urokinase
Burns
Epidermal Growth Factor (Hardwicke et al. 2008)
Cancer
Interferone, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Colony Stimulating Factor,
Interleukins, Lymphotoxin, Macrophage Activating Factor
Emphysema
Apha 1 Antitrypsin
Diabetes
Insulin and Insulin Like Growth Factor
Female Infertility
Chorionic Gonadotropin
Free Radical
Damage
Superoxide Dismutase
Growth Defects
Growth Hormone, Growth Hormone Releasing Factor, Somatomedin C
Heart Attacks
Prourokinase
Hemophilia A
Factor VIII
Hemophilia B
Factor IX
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Hypoalbuminemia Serum Albumin
Immune Disorders Interleukins, Beta Cell Growth Factor
Kidney Disorders
Erythropoietin
Nerve Damage
Nerve Growth Factor
Osteomalacia
Calcitonin
Pain
Endorphin and Encephalin
Rheumatic Disease Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Viral Infection
Interferons
Ulcers
Urogastrone
M. Akram et al.
medication to age-old practices, e.g. grounding of wine and curd bread. These substantial processes are healthy planned aged and conservative biotechnology. A
diversity of extremely responsive techniques can now be functional to the segregation and description of genes and the quantization of gene. An elementary perception is essential to these techniques; i.e. complementary base pairs form hydrogen
bonds with every other- A with T and G with C. For instance, in DNA cloning,
1
a
fastidious division of genetic material is unconcerned from its ordinary surroundings by means of one of numerous constraint endonucleases. For the purpose to
obtain desire gene specific restriction endonucleases are used to cut DNA and producing sticky ends for proper insertion of gene into vector. The vector is also cut
1 Cloning is a procedure in which identical copies of genes are produced. A gene can be cloned by
polymerase chain reaction that produces a lesser number of copies with in laboratory and recombinant DNA technology that produces large quantity of genes in a living cell.
Table 26.2 A selected list of human proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology for
treatment of human disorders (Chakraborty and Mungantiwar 2003)
Disorder
Recombinant protein
Anemia
Hemoglobin, Erythropoietin
Asthma
Interleukin 1 receptor
Atherosclerosis
Platelet Derived Growth Factor
Delivery
Relaxin (Bell et al. 1993)
Blood Clots
Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Urokinase
Burns
Epidermal Growth Factor (Hardwicke et al. 2008)
Cancer
Interferone, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Colony Stimulating Factor,
Interleukins, Lymphotoxin, Macrophage Activating Factor
Emphysema
Apha 1 Antitrypsin
Diabetes
Insulin and Insulin Like Growth Factor
Female Infertility
Chorionic Gonadotropin
Free Radical
Damage
Superoxide Dismutase
Growth Defects
Growth Hormone, Growth Hormone Releasing Factor, Somatomedin C
Heart Attacks
Prourokinase
Hemophilia A
Factor VIII
Hemophilia B
Factor IX
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Hypoalbuminemia Serum Albumin
Immune Disorders Interleukins, Beta Cell Growth Factor
Kidney Disorders
Erythropoietin
Nerve Damage
Nerve Growth Factor
Osteomalacia
Calcitonin
Pain
Endorphin and Encephalin
Rheumatic Disease Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Viral Infection
Interferons
Ulcers
Urogastrone
M. Akram et al.