596
to draw attention from scientists and most people felt unsure about the new science,
debates frequently centered on the possibility of the technology’s ability in solving
the problems facing human health and farm production (Levidow and Carr 1997).
Unfortunately, the method and the speed by which biotechnology began to be
applied in the society seemed to threaten many who were already working to solve
the challenges of human health and agriculture (Brooks 2000). In recent era, the
research on recombinant DNA technology is dominant in biological science. It
changes the orientation of biological problems and their possible solutions such that
scenarios involving genome alteration, formation of a new virus, chromosome or
gene variant are now common place in laboratories (Dunne Jr et al. 2017; Liu et al.
2017). Recombinant DNA technology acts at the molecular level, where numerous
biological barriers established from species vanish (Rosbash 2017). This is promising as all living cells have their unique DNA, which is the essential particle of life
and is involved in transmission of hereditary information by a simple, yet universal
genetic code (Vary 2017). Recombinant DNA technology has reformed natural science and has a growing influence on experimental medication, environmental benefits, food and crop production. It has made revolutionary alterations in crop
production and for the conservation of biodiversity (Godfree et al. 2017). All living
organisms are made up of basic bio-elements e.g. sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus and other elements in trace amounts (Karl and Grabowski
2017). Structures of living organisms are built up of proteins, which are responsible
for basic cellular functions like fundamental metabolic pathways and produce secondary organic metabolites such as carbohydrates and lipids; the essential components of plants and animals (Onagi et al. 2017). The study of DNA, mRNA and
protein (Central dogma of life) and pedigree analysis provides information about
cause and treatment of genetic diseases at genetic level (Moreno-Moral et al. 2017).
These approaches are being used in cases where particular genetic abnormality is
unknown (Manolio et al. 2017). Recombinant DNA technology works by using different enzymes (Table 26.1). Humans are fully aware of biology as well as biotechB. C. Ephraim-Emmanuel
Department of Dental Health Sciences, Bayelsa State College of Health Technology,
Otuogidi, Ogbia town Bayelsa, Nigeria
Environmental Health Unit, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Public
Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
K. C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Unit, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence,
Centre for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of PortHarcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
A. B. Ogbo
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
M. Akram et al.
to draw attention from scientists and most people felt unsure about the new science,
debates frequently centered on the possibility of the technology’s ability in solving
the problems facing human health and farm production (Levidow and Carr 1997).
Unfortunately, the method and the speed by which biotechnology began to be
applied in the society seemed to threaten many who were already working to solve
the challenges of human health and agriculture (Brooks 2000). In recent era, the
research on recombinant DNA technology is dominant in biological science. It
changes the orientation of biological problems and their possible solutions such that
scenarios involving genome alteration, formation of a new virus, chromosome or
gene variant are now common place in laboratories (Dunne Jr et al. 2017; Liu et al.
2017). Recombinant DNA technology acts at the molecular level, where numerous
biological barriers established from species vanish (Rosbash 2017). This is promising as all living cells have their unique DNA, which is the essential particle of life
and is involved in transmission of hereditary information by a simple, yet universal
genetic code (Vary 2017). Recombinant DNA technology has reformed natural science and has a growing influence on experimental medication, environmental benefits, food and crop production. It has made revolutionary alterations in crop
production and for the conservation of biodiversity (Godfree et al. 2017). All living
organisms are made up of basic bio-elements e.g. sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus and other elements in trace amounts (Karl and Grabowski
2017). Structures of living organisms are built up of proteins, which are responsible
for basic cellular functions like fundamental metabolic pathways and produce secondary organic metabolites such as carbohydrates and lipids; the essential components of plants and animals (Onagi et al. 2017). The study of DNA, mRNA and
protein (Central dogma of life) and pedigree analysis provides information about
cause and treatment of genetic diseases at genetic level (Moreno-Moral et al. 2017).
These approaches are being used in cases where particular genetic abnormality is
unknown (Manolio et al. 2017). Recombinant DNA technology works by using different enzymes (Table 26.1). Humans are fully aware of biology as well as biotechB. C. Ephraim-Emmanuel
Department of Dental Health Sciences, Bayelsa State College of Health Technology,
Otuogidi, Ogbia town Bayelsa, Nigeria
Environmental Health Unit, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Public
Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
K. C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Unit, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence,
Centre for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of PortHarcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
A. B. Ogbo
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
M. Akram et al.