585
Combet E, Buckton C (2019) Micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin pills and nutritional supplements. Med 47:145–151
Contempre B, LeMoine O, Dumont JE et al (1996) Selenium deficiency and thyroid fibrosis. A
keyrole for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF–beta). Mol Cell Endocrinol
124:7–15
Cramer JM, Teran–Garcia M, Jeffery EH (2012) Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion
in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin–rich powder. Br J Nutr 107(9):1333–1338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511004429
Cushnie TT, Lamb AJ (2005) Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Agents
26(5):343–356
CuÝv PË, De Wouters T, Giri R et al (2017) The gut bacterium and pathobiont Bacteroides vulgatus activates NF–κB in a human gut epithelial cell line in a strain and growth phase dependent
manner. Anaerobe 47:209–217
Davidsson L, Tanumihardjo SA (2013) Bioavailability encyclopedia of human nutrition. In:
Reference module in biomedical sciences, vol 1, 3rd edn, pp 149–155
De Vries K, Strydom M, Steenkamp V (2018) Bioavailability of resveratrol: possibilities for
enhancement. J Herb Med 11:71–77
Decendit A, Mamani–Matsuda M, Aumont V et al (2013) Malvidin–3–O–β glucoside, major grape
anthocyanin, inhibits human macrophage–derived inflammatory mediators and decreases clinical scores in arthritic rats. Biochem Pharmacol 86:1461–1467
Demigné C, Sabboh H, Rémésy C et al (2004) Protective effects of high dietary potassium: nutritional and metabolic aspects. J Nutr 134(11):2903–2906
Destaillats F, Sébédio JL, Dionisi F et al (2009) Trans fatty acids in human nutrition, Oily Press
Lipid Library Series, 2nd edn. ISBN: 9780955251238
Dhankhar J, Kadian SS, Sharma A (2012) Astaxanthin: a potential carotenoid. Int J Pharm Sci Res
3(5):1246–1259
Donato P, Dugo P, Mondello L (2013) Separation of lipids. In: Fanali S, Haddad PR, Poole CF,
Schoenmakers P, Lloyd D (eds) Liquid chromatography: applications, pp 203–248. https://doi.
org/10.1016/b978-0-12-415806-1.00009-7
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2018) European Food Safety Authority. http://www.
efsa.europa.eu/
Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown HA et al (2005) A comprehensive classification system for lipids.
Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 107:337–364
Fahy E, Cotter D, Sud M et al (2011) Lipid classification, structures and tools. Biochim Biophys
Acta 1811(11):637–647
Fairweather–Tait SJ (1997) From absorption and excretion of minerals... to the importance of
bioavailability and adaptation. Br J Nutr 78(s2):S95–S100
Falchuk K (1993) The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev 73(1):79–118
Fan P, Liu P, Song P et al (2017) Moderate dietary protein restriction alters the composition of gut
microbiota and improves ileal barrier function in adult pig model. Sci Rep 7:43412
FAO (2010) Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition, Report of Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. FAO, Geneva. ISBN 978-92-5-106733-8
FAO/WHO (2003) Assuring food safety and quality: Guidelines for strengthening national food
control systems. http://www.fao.org/3/a-y8705e.pdf
FAO/WHO (2006) Understanding the Codex Alimentarius Commission, 3rd edn, Rome. ftp://ftp.
fao.org/codex/Publication/undetstanding/Understanding-EN.pdf
FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (2018) The Codex Alimentarius Commission. http://www.fao.
org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/
Faraloni C, Torzillo G (2017) Synthesis of antioxidant carotenoids in microalgae in response to physiological stress, carotenoids. Cvetkovic DJ, Nikolic GS (eds). Intech Open https://doi.org/https://
doi.org/10.5772/67843. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/carotenoids/
synthesis-of-antioxidant-carotenoids-in-microalgae-in-response-to-physiological-stress
25 Bioavailability of Nutrients and Safety Measurements
Combet E, Buckton C (2019) Micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin pills and nutritional supplements. Med 47:145–151
Contempre B, LeMoine O, Dumont JE et al (1996) Selenium deficiency and thyroid fibrosis. A
keyrole for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF–beta). Mol Cell Endocrinol
124:7–15
Cramer JM, Teran–Garcia M, Jeffery EH (2012) Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion
in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin–rich powder. Br J Nutr 107(9):1333–1338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511004429
Cushnie TT, Lamb AJ (2005) Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Agents
26(5):343–356
CuÝv PË, De Wouters T, Giri R et al (2017) The gut bacterium and pathobiont Bacteroides vulgatus activates NF–κB in a human gut epithelial cell line in a strain and growth phase dependent
manner. Anaerobe 47:209–217
Davidsson L, Tanumihardjo SA (2013) Bioavailability encyclopedia of human nutrition. In:
Reference module in biomedical sciences, vol 1, 3rd edn, pp 149–155
De Vries K, Strydom M, Steenkamp V (2018) Bioavailability of resveratrol: possibilities for
enhancement. J Herb Med 11:71–77
Decendit A, Mamani–Matsuda M, Aumont V et al (2013) Malvidin–3–O–β glucoside, major grape
anthocyanin, inhibits human macrophage–derived inflammatory mediators and decreases clinical scores in arthritic rats. Biochem Pharmacol 86:1461–1467
Demigné C, Sabboh H, Rémésy C et al (2004) Protective effects of high dietary potassium: nutritional and metabolic aspects. J Nutr 134(11):2903–2906
Destaillats F, Sébédio JL, Dionisi F et al (2009) Trans fatty acids in human nutrition, Oily Press
Lipid Library Series, 2nd edn. ISBN: 9780955251238
Dhankhar J, Kadian SS, Sharma A (2012) Astaxanthin: a potential carotenoid. Int J Pharm Sci Res
3(5):1246–1259
Donato P, Dugo P, Mondello L (2013) Separation of lipids. In: Fanali S, Haddad PR, Poole CF,
Schoenmakers P, Lloyd D (eds) Liquid chromatography: applications, pp 203–248. https://doi.
org/10.1016/b978-0-12-415806-1.00009-7
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2018) European Food Safety Authority. http://www.
efsa.europa.eu/
Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown HA et al (2005) A comprehensive classification system for lipids.
Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 107:337–364
Fahy E, Cotter D, Sud M et al (2011) Lipid classification, structures and tools. Biochim Biophys
Acta 1811(11):637–647
Fairweather–Tait SJ (1997) From absorption and excretion of minerals... to the importance of
bioavailability and adaptation. Br J Nutr 78(s2):S95–S100
Falchuk K (1993) The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev 73(1):79–118
Fan P, Liu P, Song P et al (2017) Moderate dietary protein restriction alters the composition of gut
microbiota and improves ileal barrier function in adult pig model. Sci Rep 7:43412
FAO (2010) Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition, Report of Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. FAO, Geneva. ISBN 978-92-5-106733-8
FAO/WHO (2003) Assuring food safety and quality: Guidelines for strengthening national food
control systems. http://www.fao.org/3/a-y8705e.pdf
FAO/WHO (2006) Understanding the Codex Alimentarius Commission, 3rd edn, Rome. ftp://ftp.
fao.org/codex/Publication/undetstanding/Understanding-EN.pdf
FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (2018) The Codex Alimentarius Commission. http://www.fao.
org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/
Faraloni C, Torzillo G (2017) Synthesis of antioxidant carotenoids in microalgae in response to physiological stress, carotenoids. Cvetkovic DJ, Nikolic GS (eds). Intech Open https://doi.org/https://
doi.org/10.5772/67843. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/carotenoids/
synthesis-of-antioxidant-carotenoids-in-microalgae-in-response-to-physiological-stress
25 Bioavailability of Nutrients and Safety Measurements