563
Vitamin B
7
(Biotin)
Co–enzyme in
carboxylation reactions in
gluconeogenesis and fatty
acid synthesis
Liver, yeast, soy flour, cereals, egg yolks,
fish, pork, nuts and seeds
Muscle weakness,
dermatitis, fatigue, hair loss,
impaired fat and
carbohydrate metabolism
Combet and Buckton (2019),
Titchenal et al. (2018)
Vitamin B
9
(Folate/folic acid)
Brain and spinal cord
development, heart health;
coenzyme, amino acid
RNA, DNA, and RBC
synthesis
Leafy green vegetables, Enriched grains,
orange juice
Diarrhea, sore mouth,
confusion, anemia,
neural–tube defects in
babies
Marcus (2013), Combet and
Buckton (2019), Titchenal
et al. (2018)
Vitamin B
12
(Cobalamin)
Regulate metabolism, blood
cell formation, mental
function
Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk and milk
products,
Muscle weakness, sore
tongue, nerve damage,
neural–tube defects,
pernicious anaemia, loss of
apetite, weight loss,
neurological changes, poor
memory
Marcus (2013), Combet and
Buckton (2019), Titchenal
et al. (2018)
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic acid)
Antioxidant, healthy
immune function, bone
health
Orange juice, grape fruit juice,
strawberries, sweet red pepper, tomato,
Sea buckthorn leaves and fruits
Scurvy, bleeding gums, joint
pain, poor wound healing,
loss of dental cement,
subcutaneous haemorrhage
Marcus (2013), Combet and
Buckton (2019), Ravisankar
et al. (2015), Titchenal et al.
(2018)
25 Bioavailability of Nutrients and Safety Measurements