529
Cranford, New Jersey invented this title (Biesalski 2001). The word “nutraceutical”
blends the term “nutrient” with “pharmaceutical” (a prescription drug).
Nutraceuticals may contain substances that are expressed as “natural” intention to
treat or prevent disease but may not generally be recognized as safe (Ross 2000).
24.3 Multiple Nutrient Deficiencies and Public Health
Considerations
The literature citing maternal health and birth outcomes have been dominating the
importance of single macro-and micronutrients related studies. These studies evaluated each nutrient separately. The most nutrient intake interrelation studies tend not
to find a link, particularly in industrialized populations in maternal dietary intake
and birth outcomes studies (Cohen et al. 2001). In both developing and developed
countries, there is a similar approach of public health authorities towards adopting
a similar strategy which is most widely recommended for pregnant women. The
utmost requirement during pregnancy is to take iron or iron/folate supplement on
daily basis due to difficulties in achieving the recommended intake of these two
micronutrients by diet alone (Peña-Rosas and Viteri 2009). In developing countries
(low-socioeconomic status populations), undernutrition is most likely to exist in
which diets are insufficient in high-quality, and nutrient-dense foods (e.g., animalsource foods) due to their cost. In such environments, women of childbearing age
are often at risk of multiple nutrient deficiencies, so it is illogical to minimize the
method of isolating a single nutrient. However, the logical approach towards
improvement of overall diet quality, there has been inadequate testing or research on
multiple micronutrient (Bhutta and Haider 2009; Allen 2005; Haider and
Bhutta 2017).
Multi-nutrient supplementation RCTs (randomized controlled trials) produced
mixed results and generally did not produce significant improvements over supplementation of iron-folic acid. Therefore, they were not implemented in the services
of public health. The interactions between micronutrient and multi-nutrient supplements and certain micronutrient is of major concern that require specific explanation (Haider and Bhutta 2017).
Nonetheless, women receiving a multi-micronutrient supplement found a significant reduction in low birth weight in study of Shah and Ohlsson compared to those
receiving an iron-folic acid supplement alone in a meta-analysis of the most recent
studies, including predominantly very vulnerable populations (Shah and Ohlsson
2009). The fallout of Shah and Ohlsson studies also based on these finding that recommendation of supplementation of iron-folic acid to pregnant women is another
step towards contributing a major change in public health policies (Shah and Ohlsson
2009). The determination of above mention benefits drive attention of Bhutta and
Haider for further research to determine all maternal nutritional status levels and to
ensure that perinatal outcomes are not negatively affected before multi- micronutrient
supplementation becomes a universal policy (Bhutta and Haider 2009). They also
24 Role of Nutraceuticals in Maternal Nutrition
Cranford, New Jersey invented this title (Biesalski 2001). The word “nutraceutical”
blends the term “nutrient” with “pharmaceutical” (a prescription drug).
Nutraceuticals may contain substances that are expressed as “natural” intention to
treat or prevent disease but may not generally be recognized as safe (Ross 2000).
24.3 Multiple Nutrient Deficiencies and Public Health
Considerations
The literature citing maternal health and birth outcomes have been dominating the
importance of single macro-and micronutrients related studies. These studies evaluated each nutrient separately. The most nutrient intake interrelation studies tend not
to find a link, particularly in industrialized populations in maternal dietary intake
and birth outcomes studies (Cohen et al. 2001). In both developing and developed
countries, there is a similar approach of public health authorities towards adopting
a similar strategy which is most widely recommended for pregnant women. The
utmost requirement during pregnancy is to take iron or iron/folate supplement on
daily basis due to difficulties in achieving the recommended intake of these two
micronutrients by diet alone (Peña-Rosas and Viteri 2009). In developing countries
(low-socioeconomic status populations), undernutrition is most likely to exist in
which diets are insufficient in high-quality, and nutrient-dense foods (e.g., animalsource foods) due to their cost. In such environments, women of childbearing age
are often at risk of multiple nutrient deficiencies, so it is illogical to minimize the
method of isolating a single nutrient. However, the logical approach towards
improvement of overall diet quality, there has been inadequate testing or research on
multiple micronutrient (Bhutta and Haider 2009; Allen 2005; Haider and
Bhutta 2017).
Multi-nutrient supplementation RCTs (randomized controlled trials) produced
mixed results and generally did not produce significant improvements over supplementation of iron-folic acid. Therefore, they were not implemented in the services
of public health. The interactions between micronutrient and multi-nutrient supplements and certain micronutrient is of major concern that require specific explanation (Haider and Bhutta 2017).
Nonetheless, women receiving a multi-micronutrient supplement found a significant reduction in low birth weight in study of Shah and Ohlsson compared to those
receiving an iron-folic acid supplement alone in a meta-analysis of the most recent
studies, including predominantly very vulnerable populations (Shah and Ohlsson
2009). The fallout of Shah and Ohlsson studies also based on these finding that recommendation of supplementation of iron-folic acid to pregnant women is another
step towards contributing a major change in public health policies (Shah and Ohlsson
2009). The determination of above mention benefits drive attention of Bhutta and
Haider for further research to determine all maternal nutritional status levels and to
ensure that perinatal outcomes are not negatively affected before multi- micronutrient
supplementation becomes a universal policy (Bhutta and Haider 2009). They also
24 Role of Nutraceuticals in Maternal Nutrition