404
and syringic acid were discovered to be the major flavonoids and phenolic in the
different fractions obtained from seeds extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
(Syama et al. 2017). Their cardioprotective role in in vitro H9c2 cardiac cell lines
such as angiotensin converting enzyme modulation, HMG-CoA reductase, LDL
oxidation and tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress shows that
the fractions obtained were observed to attenuate oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and this was also demonstrated by molecular docking studies which
revealed the correlation between the major phytochemicals compounds and key
enzymes for the prevention of these cardiovascular diseases. Gao et al. (2007)
reported the interest in the use of puerarin as a cardioprotective candidate which
acts by protecting myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion damage by activating protein Kinase C through its ability to open Ca
2+
-activated K
+
in vivo in Sprague
Dawley rats (Gao et al. 2007).
19.5.7 Anticancer Activities of Polyphenols
Polyphenols are reported with anticancer activities. The ethanolic extract of two
members of the Zingiberaceae family; Zingiber officinale (rhizome) and Curcuma
longa L. were reported to be natural promising anticancer compound for the fight
against malignant melanoma due to the potential anticancer property on murine
melanoma B164A5 cell line (Danciu et al. 2015). Their report also suggested
Curcuma longa based on the increasing anticancer property of its extract, to be due
to high concentration of polyphenolic compounds present in the extract (Danciu
et al. 2015). Many biomedical researches have indicated flavonoid to be a potential
apoptosis in various cancer cells (Zhishen et al. 1999; Brusselmans et al. 2003,
2005). Reports have been made on the anticancer role of quercetin, which is a major
flavonol member against breast and prostate cancers (Kumar and Pandey 2013;
Brusselmans et al. 2005).
Flavonoids (Gliricidin7-O-hexoside and Quercetin7-O-rutinoside) isolated from
medicinal fern (Asplenium nidus) have been suggested to be potential anticancer
compound against human carcinoma Hela and human hepatoma HepG2 cells (Jarial
et al. 2018). Similarly, studies on the apoptosis inducing ability of quercetin in in
vivo and in vitro studies using 9 different cancer cell lines, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 T-cells, pheocromocytoma PC12 cells, colon carcinoma
CT-26 cells, human lymphoid Raji cells, ovarian cancer CHO cells, and colon carcinoma CT-26 cells among others, shows that quercetin can significantly induce
apoptosis of every tested cell lines significantly at p < 0.001 compared with control
group (Hashemzaei et al. 2017). For the in vivo studies using mice carrying MCF-7
tumors and mice bearing CT-26 tumors, the tumor in quercetin treated mice were
significantly reduced in size and volume at significantly at p < 0.001 when compared with the control, with prolonged survival period (Hashemzaei et al. 2017).
H. Tijjani et al.
and syringic acid were discovered to be the major flavonoids and phenolic in the
different fractions obtained from seeds extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
(Syama et al. 2017). Their cardioprotective role in in vitro H9c2 cardiac cell lines
such as angiotensin converting enzyme modulation, HMG-CoA reductase, LDL
oxidation and tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress shows that
the fractions obtained were observed to attenuate oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and this was also demonstrated by molecular docking studies which
revealed the correlation between the major phytochemicals compounds and key
enzymes for the prevention of these cardiovascular diseases. Gao et al. (2007)
reported the interest in the use of puerarin as a cardioprotective candidate which
acts by protecting myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion damage by activating protein Kinase C through its ability to open Ca
2+
-activated K
+
in vivo in Sprague
Dawley rats (Gao et al. 2007).
19.5.7 Anticancer Activities of Polyphenols
Polyphenols are reported with anticancer activities. The ethanolic extract of two
members of the Zingiberaceae family; Zingiber officinale (rhizome) and Curcuma
longa L. were reported to be natural promising anticancer compound for the fight
against malignant melanoma due to the potential anticancer property on murine
melanoma B164A5 cell line (Danciu et al. 2015). Their report also suggested
Curcuma longa based on the increasing anticancer property of its extract, to be due
to high concentration of polyphenolic compounds present in the extract (Danciu
et al. 2015). Many biomedical researches have indicated flavonoid to be a potential
apoptosis in various cancer cells (Zhishen et al. 1999; Brusselmans et al. 2003,
2005). Reports have been made on the anticancer role of quercetin, which is a major
flavonol member against breast and prostate cancers (Kumar and Pandey 2013;
Brusselmans et al. 2005).
Flavonoids (Gliricidin7-O-hexoside and Quercetin7-O-rutinoside) isolated from
medicinal fern (Asplenium nidus) have been suggested to be potential anticancer
compound against human carcinoma Hela and human hepatoma HepG2 cells (Jarial
et al. 2018). Similarly, studies on the apoptosis inducing ability of quercetin in in
vivo and in vitro studies using 9 different cancer cell lines, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 T-cells, pheocromocytoma PC12 cells, colon carcinoma
CT-26 cells, human lymphoid Raji cells, ovarian cancer CHO cells, and colon carcinoma CT-26 cells among others, shows that quercetin can significantly induce
apoptosis of every tested cell lines significantly at p < 0.001 compared with control
group (Hashemzaei et al. 2017). For the in vivo studies using mice carrying MCF-7
tumors and mice bearing CT-26 tumors, the tumor in quercetin treated mice were
significantly reduced in size and volume at significantly at p < 0.001 when compared with the control, with prolonged survival period (Hashemzaei et al. 2017).
H. Tijjani et al.