370
noted that four anthraquinones, one phenolic derivative, seven chromones, and six
pyrones possess significant suppression activity against TRAP at 10.0 μm. Other
compounds isolated showed weak to inactive suppression activity against TRAP.
Aloe vera, together with cancellous bovine xenograft (XCB), was noted to stimulate alveolar bone growth (Kresnoadi et al. 2017). The combination of A. vera and
XCB prevented bone resorption activity of the osteoclast and stimulated the growth
of osteoblasts. Moreover, similar results were noted in an earlier study that combination of A. vera and XCB enable growth of bone cells increasing osteoblast activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity in alveolar bone (Kresnoadi and Rahayu 2011).
It was also suggested that the role of A. vera is to prevent inflammation of osteoclastogenesis, thus preventing bone resorption. Furthermore, it was also noted that the
antraguinon present in A. vera possess an anti-inflammatory which reduces osteoclast activity.
Aloin, an anthraquinone glycoside from A. vera, was also noted to stimulate
osteoblast induction by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization (Pengjam et al. 2016a). It is believed that the initial osteogenic activity
derived from aloin is brought about by the structure-activity of methoxyl group in
anthraquinone derivatives (Lee et al. 2008). Aloin was also noted to promote osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by the
increased ALP activity, enhanced mineralization, and expression of osteogenesisrelated genes (Li et al. 2019). Moreover, it was noted that this compound exerts is a
potent inhibition of bone resorption activity and osteoclastogenesis as shown in
in vitro test bone pit assay (Pengjam et al. 2016b). Regulation of osteoclastogenesis
by aloin was also noted through its unfavorable effects towards NFĸB repression of
miR-21 (Madhyastha et al. 2019).
18.6 Plant Disease Management
Luiz et al. (2017) found that Aloe polysaccharides and essential oils are considered
as potential agents in controlling plant diseases by working as anti-microbial agents
or by activating plants’ defence mechanism, for example combinations of aloe polysaccharides and palmarosa essential oil is effective against Xanthomonas fragariae
(bacterial angular leaf spot disease). Antibacterial activity of A. barbadensis leaf
extract was evaluated against Serratia marcescens, E. coli, B. cereus and P. aeruginosa, results showed that maximum inhibitory activities was through hexane and
methanol extract against S. marcescens and B. cereus. Broadly it was noticed that
methanol extract inhibit the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria while no inhibitory activities was shown by ethyl acetate extract (Dharajiya et al. 2017). An antiadhesive effect was shown by polysaccharides present in Aloe gel by inhibiting the
growth of H. pylori bacteria (Cellini et al. 2014). Isolated compounds (aloin, aloe
emodin and chrysophanol) of A. ferox were studied by Kambizi et al. (2005) and
noticed that alonin A and aloe emodin shows inhibitory activities against Shigella
sonnei, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus.
C. Egbuna et al.
noted that four anthraquinones, one phenolic derivative, seven chromones, and six
pyrones possess significant suppression activity against TRAP at 10.0 μm. Other
compounds isolated showed weak to inactive suppression activity against TRAP.
Aloe vera, together with cancellous bovine xenograft (XCB), was noted to stimulate alveolar bone growth (Kresnoadi et al. 2017). The combination of A. vera and
XCB prevented bone resorption activity of the osteoclast and stimulated the growth
of osteoblasts. Moreover, similar results were noted in an earlier study that combination of A. vera and XCB enable growth of bone cells increasing osteoblast activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity in alveolar bone (Kresnoadi and Rahayu 2011).
It was also suggested that the role of A. vera is to prevent inflammation of osteoclastogenesis, thus preventing bone resorption. Furthermore, it was also noted that the
antraguinon present in A. vera possess an anti-inflammatory which reduces osteoclast activity.
Aloin, an anthraquinone glycoside from A. vera, was also noted to stimulate
osteoblast induction by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization (Pengjam et al. 2016a). It is believed that the initial osteogenic activity
derived from aloin is brought about by the structure-activity of methoxyl group in
anthraquinone derivatives (Lee et al. 2008). Aloin was also noted to promote osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by the
increased ALP activity, enhanced mineralization, and expression of osteogenesisrelated genes (Li et al. 2019). Moreover, it was noted that this compound exerts is a
potent inhibition of bone resorption activity and osteoclastogenesis as shown in
in vitro test bone pit assay (Pengjam et al. 2016b). Regulation of osteoclastogenesis
by aloin was also noted through its unfavorable effects towards NFĸB repression of
miR-21 (Madhyastha et al. 2019).
18.6 Plant Disease Management
Luiz et al. (2017) found that Aloe polysaccharides and essential oils are considered
as potential agents in controlling plant diseases by working as anti-microbial agents
or by activating plants’ defence mechanism, for example combinations of aloe polysaccharides and palmarosa essential oil is effective against Xanthomonas fragariae
(bacterial angular leaf spot disease). Antibacterial activity of A. barbadensis leaf
extract was evaluated against Serratia marcescens, E. coli, B. cereus and P. aeruginosa, results showed that maximum inhibitory activities was through hexane and
methanol extract against S. marcescens and B. cereus. Broadly it was noticed that
methanol extract inhibit the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria while no inhibitory activities was shown by ethyl acetate extract (Dharajiya et al. 2017). An antiadhesive effect was shown by polysaccharides present in Aloe gel by inhibiting the
growth of H. pylori bacteria (Cellini et al. 2014). Isolated compounds (aloin, aloe
emodin and chrysophanol) of A. ferox were studied by Kambizi et al. (2005) and
noticed that alonin A and aloe emodin shows inhibitory activities against Shigella
sonnei, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus.
C. Egbuna et al.