358
extracts induce genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HepG2) cells in a time and dose dependent manners through induction of apoptotic
pathway by increasing P53 and decreasing Bcl-2 genes expressions.
Aloin [10-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-9 (10H)-anthracenone,
l] or barbaloin is an anthraquinone glycoside, a natural phytochemical present in
A. vera and many other plants of Aloe genus are shown to exhibit cytotoxic and chemoprotective effects against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- induced colon preneoplastic
lesions in Wistar rats (Hamiza et al. 2014). The antiproliferative nature of anthracycline aloin isolated from A. vera was tested against human uterine carcinoma HeLaS3
cells. Results indicate that aloin shows anti- metastatic potential by causing cell cycle
arrest in the S phase and markedly increasing HeLaS3 cell apoptosis (Niciforovic
et al. 2007). The polysaccharide mannan isolated from A. saponaria was evaluated for
its anti-proliferative effects using normal human cells (PBMC), murine cells (SpMC)
and many tumor cell lines. It was found that proliferation of both normal and tumor
or cancer cells were inhibited by mannan and it affected the expression of CD3+
SpMC, signifying inhibition of mostly T-lymphocyte proliferative response (Sampedro
et al. 2004). Aloin obtained from Aloe plant was tested for cytotoxicity against two
human breast cancer cell lines with (SKBR-3) erbB-2-topolla coamplification and
without (MCF-7). It was reported that SKBR-3 was less sensitive to aloin than MCF-7
cell line, as established by the clonogenic and MTT assays (Esmat et al. 2006).
An anthracenedione derivative aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl9,10-anthracenedione) is also derived from A. vera leaves are shown to possess
antiproliferative effects in few cancer cell types like neuroectodermal, lung, glioma and squamous cancer cells by inhibiting gene expression and N-acetyl transferase activity (Masaldan and Iyer 2014). The bioactive component obtained from
A. ferox is used as potential anticancer agent. It has been reported that Aloe-emodin
does not affect normal cells and active against neuroectodermal tumors. It promotes cell death through uptake of specific drug by neuroectodermal tumors
(Pecere et al. 2000).
In leaves of Aloe plants, sugar-binding proteins present are commonly known as
lectins which have many immunological activities. In vivo studies report that plant
lectin act as protein carrier which activate T cells and increase antitumor immunity
(Yoshimoto et al. 1987).
Anthraquinones and anthrones at specific safe doses get rid of free radicals such
as hydroxyl radicals and prevent DNA damage. In a study, aloin and aloe emodin
were studied for their prooxidant and antioxidant activities at different doses.
Radical scavenging properties were determined using Chemiluminescence assay.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was used as a comparative antioxidant agent.
The experiment established that both aloin and aloe emodin showed antioxidant
potential which increased by increasing their dose however it was less than that of
EGCG at all concentrations and aloe emodin showed scavenging activity lesser than
that of both aloin and EGCG at all concentrations. It was also found that aloin had
a greater reducing tendency than aloe emodin at all concentrations attributing its
C. Egbuna et al.
extracts induce genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HepG2) cells in a time and dose dependent manners through induction of apoptotic
pathway by increasing P53 and decreasing Bcl-2 genes expressions.
Aloin [10-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-9 (10H)-anthracenone,
l] or barbaloin is an anthraquinone glycoside, a natural phytochemical present in
A. vera and many other plants of Aloe genus are shown to exhibit cytotoxic and chemoprotective effects against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- induced colon preneoplastic
lesions in Wistar rats (Hamiza et al. 2014). The antiproliferative nature of anthracycline aloin isolated from A. vera was tested against human uterine carcinoma HeLaS3
cells. Results indicate that aloin shows anti- metastatic potential by causing cell cycle
arrest in the S phase and markedly increasing HeLaS3 cell apoptosis (Niciforovic
et al. 2007). The polysaccharide mannan isolated from A. saponaria was evaluated for
its anti-proliferative effects using normal human cells (PBMC), murine cells (SpMC)
and many tumor cell lines. It was found that proliferation of both normal and tumor
or cancer cells were inhibited by mannan and it affected the expression of CD3+
SpMC, signifying inhibition of mostly T-lymphocyte proliferative response (Sampedro
et al. 2004). Aloin obtained from Aloe plant was tested for cytotoxicity against two
human breast cancer cell lines with (SKBR-3) erbB-2-topolla coamplification and
without (MCF-7). It was reported that SKBR-3 was less sensitive to aloin than MCF-7
cell line, as established by the clonogenic and MTT assays (Esmat et al. 2006).
An anthracenedione derivative aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl9,10-anthracenedione) is also derived from A. vera leaves are shown to possess
antiproliferative effects in few cancer cell types like neuroectodermal, lung, glioma and squamous cancer cells by inhibiting gene expression and N-acetyl transferase activity (Masaldan and Iyer 2014). The bioactive component obtained from
A. ferox is used as potential anticancer agent. It has been reported that Aloe-emodin
does not affect normal cells and active against neuroectodermal tumors. It promotes cell death through uptake of specific drug by neuroectodermal tumors
(Pecere et al. 2000).
In leaves of Aloe plants, sugar-binding proteins present are commonly known as
lectins which have many immunological activities. In vivo studies report that plant
lectin act as protein carrier which activate T cells and increase antitumor immunity
(Yoshimoto et al. 1987).
Anthraquinones and anthrones at specific safe doses get rid of free radicals such
as hydroxyl radicals and prevent DNA damage. In a study, aloin and aloe emodin
were studied for their prooxidant and antioxidant activities at different doses.
Radical scavenging properties were determined using Chemiluminescence assay.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was used as a comparative antioxidant agent.
The experiment established that both aloin and aloe emodin showed antioxidant
potential which increased by increasing their dose however it was less than that of
EGCG at all concentrations and aloe emodin showed scavenging activity lesser than
that of both aloin and EGCG at all concentrations. It was also found that aloin had
a greater reducing tendency than aloe emodin at all concentrations attributing its
C. Egbuna et al.