324
Terpenoids are hydrocarbon formed by the combination of different isoprene
units. They are reported for various medicinal and therapeutic activities like antimalarial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase (Arpha et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2011; Liu 1995; Mann
et al. 1994; Mothana et al. 2003; Shibata et al. 1998; Wang et al. 2012, 2013a, b).
The major terpenoid isolated from mushroom is lanostane, a triterpenes well studied for its anti-cancer activities (Arpha et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2013; Wang et al.
2012, 2013a, b). Ganoderic, lucidenic, ganodermic, ganolucidic, ganoderols, applanoxidic acids and lucidones are terpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidium
which are reported for anticancer treatments (Li et al. 2005). Terpenoids isolated
from mushrooms have also been observed to their anti-mycobacterial and anticandidal activities (Öztürk et al. 2015).
Steroid is an organic compound, resulting from the characteristic arrangement of
four cycloalkane rings that are linked with each other. They play an important role
in biological systems and are responsible for cell functioning. Steroids have been
isolated from different species of mushrooms including Tomophagus cattienensis,
Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Sarcodon
joedes, respectively (Hien et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2013; Seo et al. 2009; Zang et al.
2013). Steroids isolated from the mushrooms have anti-microbial, cytotoxic, antitubercular, anti-complement and anti-viral activities (Itoh et al. 2008; Liu et al.
2013; Niedermeyer et al. 2005; Seo et al. 2009).
Phenolic compounds are the largest group of phytochemicals which are well
known for their interesting pharmacological activities. Flavonoids, coumarins,
anthocyanin, catechins and phenolic acid, etc., are few examples of phenolic compound. The rich source of these compounds are vegetables, fruits, herbs, seeds,
juices, etc. Several mushrooms including Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Boletus pseudocalopus, Cortinarius purpurascens, Ganoderma colossum, Ganoderma pfeifferi,
Ganoderma fornicatum, and Tricholoma oriruben have been reported with biologically active phenolic compounds (Awadh Ali et al. 2003; Bai et al. 2013; El Dine
et al. 2009; Kawagishi et al. 2004; Mothana et al. 2000; Niu et al. 2006; Quang et al.
2006; Song et al. 2009; Venkateswarlu et al. 2002; Yousfi et al. 2009). Current report
on antioxidant activity of wild-growing (Agaricus campestris, Boletus edulis,
Cantharellus cibarius, Macrolepiota procera, Pleurotus ostreatus, Russula alutacea, and Russula vesca) and cultivated (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus)
mushrooms suggests them as a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids (Buruleanu
et al. 2018). The pharmacological activities reported in phenolic compound of
mushrooms are anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activities, etc., (Öztürk et al. 2015). Different biological activities of different compounds
isolated from mushrooms are presented in Table 17.4.
S. Painuli et al.
Terpenoids are hydrocarbon formed by the combination of different isoprene
units. They are reported for various medicinal and therapeutic activities like antimalarial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase (Arpha et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2011; Liu 1995; Mann
et al. 1994; Mothana et al. 2003; Shibata et al. 1998; Wang et al. 2012, 2013a, b).
The major terpenoid isolated from mushroom is lanostane, a triterpenes well studied for its anti-cancer activities (Arpha et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2013; Wang et al.
2012, 2013a, b). Ganoderic, lucidenic, ganodermic, ganolucidic, ganoderols, applanoxidic acids and lucidones are terpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidium
which are reported for anticancer treatments (Li et al. 2005). Terpenoids isolated
from mushrooms have also been observed to their anti-mycobacterial and anticandidal activities (Öztürk et al. 2015).
Steroid is an organic compound, resulting from the characteristic arrangement of
four cycloalkane rings that are linked with each other. They play an important role
in biological systems and are responsible for cell functioning. Steroids have been
isolated from different species of mushrooms including Tomophagus cattienensis,
Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Sarcodon
joedes, respectively (Hien et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2013; Seo et al. 2009; Zang et al.
2013). Steroids isolated from the mushrooms have anti-microbial, cytotoxic, antitubercular, anti-complement and anti-viral activities (Itoh et al. 2008; Liu et al.
2013; Niedermeyer et al. 2005; Seo et al. 2009).
Phenolic compounds are the largest group of phytochemicals which are well
known for their interesting pharmacological activities. Flavonoids, coumarins,
anthocyanin, catechins and phenolic acid, etc., are few examples of phenolic compound. The rich source of these compounds are vegetables, fruits, herbs, seeds,
juices, etc. Several mushrooms including Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Boletus pseudocalopus, Cortinarius purpurascens, Ganoderma colossum, Ganoderma pfeifferi,
Ganoderma fornicatum, and Tricholoma oriruben have been reported with biologically active phenolic compounds (Awadh Ali et al. 2003; Bai et al. 2013; El Dine
et al. 2009; Kawagishi et al. 2004; Mothana et al. 2000; Niu et al. 2006; Quang et al.
2006; Song et al. 2009; Venkateswarlu et al. 2002; Yousfi et al. 2009). Current report
on antioxidant activity of wild-growing (Agaricus campestris, Boletus edulis,
Cantharellus cibarius, Macrolepiota procera, Pleurotus ostreatus, Russula alutacea, and Russula vesca) and cultivated (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus)
mushrooms suggests them as a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids (Buruleanu
et al. 2018). The pharmacological activities reported in phenolic compound of
mushrooms are anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activities, etc., (Öztürk et al. 2015). Different biological activities of different compounds
isolated from mushrooms are presented in Table 17.4.
S. Painuli et al.