298
Table 16.3 Commonly present phenolic acids in cereal grains
Phenolic acids Predominant
Major
Low amount
References
Cinnamic acid –
Millet
Wheat,
sorghum, oat
Dykes and Rooney
(2006, 2007) and
Shahidi and Naczk
(2004)
Caffeic acid
–
Oat, sorghum,
rice, rye, barley,
wheat
Maize, rye,
millet
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011),
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
p-Coumaric
acid
–
Maize, wheat,
barley, rye,
sorghum,
millet, rice, oat
–
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011),
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
Ferulic acid
Maize, wheat,
barley, rye,
millet, sorghum,
rice
Oat
–
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011),
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
Gallic acid
–
Rice
Sorghum,
millet, oat,
wheat
Cai et al. (2011),
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
p-Hydroxy
benzoic acid
Barley
Oat, rice, millet Wheat, maize,
rye, sorghum
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011), Dykes and
Rooney (2007), and
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010)
Protocatechuic
acid
–
Rice, sorghum Millet, rye,
barley, oat,
maize
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011),
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
Sinapic acid
–
Rye, rice
Wheat, maize,
barley,
sorghum,
millet, oat
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011), and
Laokuldilok et al.
(2010)
Salicylic acid
–
–
Wheat, barley,
sorghum
Dykes and Rooney
(2007) and Kim et al.
(2006)
Syringic acid
–
Sorghum,
wheat, maize
Oat, millet,
barley
Dykes and Rooney
(2007), Kim et al.
(2006), and Zhang and
Hamaker (2012)
Vanillic acid
–
Barley, oat,
millet, wheat
Sorghum, rye,
maize
Beta et al. (2012), Cai
et al. (2011), and Zhang
and Hamaker (2012)
S. Hassan et al.