246
Table 14.4 (continued)
Flavonols
Kaempferol
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Grapes, plantain, apple (Yu
and Ahmedna 2013; Pan
et al. 2001; Shahidi and
Naczk 1995; Radha and
Mathew 2007)
Onion (Benitez et al. 2011, 2012;
Gonzalez-Pena et al. 2013); Beets
Cherry tomato, broccoli, (Ninfali
and Angelino 2013); Cabbage,
carrot, cauliflower, spinach,
turnip, onion, garlic, ginger
(Sultana and Anwar 2008)
Myricetin
Reduce atherosclerosis
Grapes, apple, plantain,
pineapple, straw berry,
mulberry (Sultana and
Anwar 2008
Quercetin
Anticarcinogenic, diarrhea, allergies,
prevent atherosclerosis, asthma, Hay
fever, hypertension, interstitial
cystitis prostatitis diabetes
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) athletic
endurance
Grapes, apricot, plantain,
apple, peaches, Berries
(Mariaa et al. 2002; Radha
and Mathew 2007)
Isorhamnetin
Reduce the risk of cancer, improve
heart health and ease diabetes
complications
Plantain, grapes, apple
(Eberhardt et al. 2000)
Laricitrin
Prevents cardio vascular diseases,
anticarcinogenic
Red grapes, apple
(Castillo-Munoz et al.
2007)
Syringetin
Stimulates osteoblast differentiation Red grapes (CastilloMunoz et al. 2007)
Anthocyanidins
Malvidin
Peonidin
Delphidin
Peltunidin
Cyanidin
Anti-inflammatory and
anticarcinogenic activity,
cardiovascular disease prevention,
obesity control
Oranges Guava, Berries,
grapes (Wang and Lin
2000)
Aubergine, red cabbage, Lettuce
(Koponen et al. 2007; Wu et al.
2006)
Functional
compounds
Mechanism of action
Fruit source
Vegetable source
J. Kaparapu et al.