244
Polyphenols Polyphenols are dietary antioxidant that exists usually in fruits and
vegetables. They consist of flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols,
flavanones and anthocyanins) and non-flavonoid polyphenols (phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes).
Flavonoids Flavonoids neutralize free radicals that damage cells and increases cellular antioxidant protection. Isoflavones- are structurally similar to estrogen but are
not steroids.
Table 14.2 Vitamin content of some major Fruits
Fruit
Vitamins
A
(IU)
B1
(mg)
B2
(mg)
B3
(mg)
B6 (mg) B9 (μg)
C
(mg)
D
(IU)
E
(mg)
K
(μg)
Grapes
67 15
–
0.00006 0.000016 0.00009
6.5 –
–
–
Plantain 1127
0.052 0.05
0.69
0.29
22
18.4 0.7
0.14 0.7
Pineapple
58
0.08 0.03
0.5
0.11
18
47.8 0
0.02 0.7
Apple
54
0.02 0.03
0.09
0.04
3
4.6 0
0.18 2.2
Orange
225
0.09 0.04
0.28
0.06
30
53.3 0
0.18 0
Banana
64
0.03 0.07
0.67
0.37
20
8.7 0
0.1
0.5
Mango
1082
0.03 0.04
0.67
0.12
43
36.4 0
0.9
4.2
Peach
326
0.02 0.03
0.81
0.03
4
6.6 0
0.73 2.6
Papaya
950
0.02 0.02
0.35
0.03
37
60.9 0
0.3
2.6
Pear
25
0.01 0.03
0.17
0.03
7
4.3 0
0.12 4.4
Guava
624
0.06 0.04
1.08
0.11
49
228.3 0
0.7
2.6
Source: (Saini and Keum 2016; Dasgupta and Klein 2014; Płonka et al. 2012; Chun et al. 2006;
Benvenuti et al. 2004; Belitz et al. 2004)
Table 14.3 Vitamin content of some major Vegetables
Vegetable
Vitamins
A (IU)
B1 (mg)
B2 (mg)
B6 (mg)
B9 (μg)
C (mg)
Pumpkin
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.007
16.00
Broccoli
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.21
110.00
Brussels sprouts
0.03
0.1
0.12
0.23
0.087
66.00
Cabbage
0.01
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.069
80.000
Carrot
0.6
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.016
1000
Cauliflower
0.001
0.05
0.07
0.2
0.044
80.000
Cucumber
0.034
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.005
10.000
Onion
0.001
0.03
0.01
0.17
0.01
10.000
Peas
0.3
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.022
1000
Potato
0
0.12
0.04
0.3
0.023
14.000
Radish
0.002
0.05
0.03
0.08
0.028
20.000
Source: (Saini and Keum 2016; Dasgupta and Klein 2014; Chun et al. 2006; Benvenuti et al. 2004;
McCarthy and Matthews 1994; Saleh et al. 1977)
J. Kaparapu et al.