220
PL
phospholipids
PS
phosphatidylserine
PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
ROS
reactive oxygen species
SCD
sudden cardiac death
TG
triglycerides
13.1 Introduction
Metabolic syndrome and the rise in other lifestyle-related illnesses in the elderly
have become critical issues for the human health, both in medical terms and financially. Even in high-income countries, more and more patients suffer from obesity,
hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cancer, and the burden of these conditions
is growing day by day (Carrion Alvarez and Obregon Perales 2019; Iorga et al.
2019; Gaman et al. 2019a). Metabolic syndrome is associated with several types of
cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus (Cerchietti et al. 2007; Gaman et al. 2019b), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Byrne 2010; Epingeac et al. 2019) and cardiovascular
disorders (Hwu et al. 2008; Albers et al. 2019). Most probably, the current diabetes
and obesity epidemic is due to the increased consumption of dietary sugar and fat
(Linseisen et al. 2009; Dobrica et al. 2019; Medina-Gaona et al. 2018). Fast food
consumption and soft drinks also have negative effects on the human health. Some
of the variables that influence dietary habits in humans include food accessibility,
eating preferences, culture, age, and expertise in nutrition and health. A promising
novel tactic to tackle unhealthy lifestyle habits is reforming the food milieu (Story
et al. 2008; Manea et al. 2019; Vincek et al. 2018).
Annually, fish capture and aquaculture have resulted in 167.2 million tons:
146.3 million tons have been used for human consumption and the remaining
20.6 million tons were destined for other purposes (FAO 2016). There is a remarkable uplift in the demand for seafood products every year mainly due to their nutritional benefits (FAO 1986). The nutritional value of marine foods derives from the
considerable amount of proteins, essential micronutrients and lipids contained in
seafood. Marine animals, which are considered a supreme source of protein, have
the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a low caloric density
in comparison with terrestrial animals (Tacon and Metian 2013). Seafood is now
recognized as an essential human food. In the future, the demand of seafood is
expected to increase, taking into consideration its elevated content in high-quality
protein, vitamins, trace elements, PUFAs or minerals (FAO 2010).
Seafood possesses of myriad of benefits to the human health. For example, the
vital nutrients contained in seafood are important in the development of the brain
and nervous system. Apart from this, the nutrients found in seafood are known to
have anticancer effects (Liao and Chao 2009). In many developing countries, seafood has helped to alleviate food shortages, offering a valuable complement to a
healthy and nutritious diet. The worldwide consumption of seafood has steadily
S. Hassan et al.
PL
phospholipids
PS
phosphatidylserine
PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
ROS
reactive oxygen species
SCD
sudden cardiac death
TG
triglycerides
13.1 Introduction
Metabolic syndrome and the rise in other lifestyle-related illnesses in the elderly
have become critical issues for the human health, both in medical terms and financially. Even in high-income countries, more and more patients suffer from obesity,
hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cancer, and the burden of these conditions
is growing day by day (Carrion Alvarez and Obregon Perales 2019; Iorga et al.
2019; Gaman et al. 2019a). Metabolic syndrome is associated with several types of
cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus (Cerchietti et al. 2007; Gaman et al. 2019b), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Byrne 2010; Epingeac et al. 2019) and cardiovascular
disorders (Hwu et al. 2008; Albers et al. 2019). Most probably, the current diabetes
and obesity epidemic is due to the increased consumption of dietary sugar and fat
(Linseisen et al. 2009; Dobrica et al. 2019; Medina-Gaona et al. 2018). Fast food
consumption and soft drinks also have negative effects on the human health. Some
of the variables that influence dietary habits in humans include food accessibility,
eating preferences, culture, age, and expertise in nutrition and health. A promising
novel tactic to tackle unhealthy lifestyle habits is reforming the food milieu (Story
et al. 2008; Manea et al. 2019; Vincek et al. 2018).
Annually, fish capture and aquaculture have resulted in 167.2 million tons:
146.3 million tons have been used for human consumption and the remaining
20.6 million tons were destined for other purposes (FAO 2016). There is a remarkable uplift in the demand for seafood products every year mainly due to their nutritional benefits (FAO 1986). The nutritional value of marine foods derives from the
considerable amount of proteins, essential micronutrients and lipids contained in
seafood. Marine animals, which are considered a supreme source of protein, have
the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a low caloric density
in comparison with terrestrial animals (Tacon and Metian 2013). Seafood is now
recognized as an essential human food. In the future, the demand of seafood is
expected to increase, taking into consideration its elevated content in high-quality
protein, vitamins, trace elements, PUFAs or minerals (FAO 2010).
Seafood possesses of myriad of benefits to the human health. For example, the
vital nutrients contained in seafood are important in the development of the brain
and nervous system. Apart from this, the nutrients found in seafood are known to
have anticancer effects (Liao and Chao 2009). In many developing countries, seafood has helped to alleviate food shortages, offering a valuable complement to a
healthy and nutritious diet. The worldwide consumption of seafood has steadily
S. Hassan et al.