190
IBD includes Ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and pouchitis. The
other precipitating factors include genetic, environmental factors, dysregulation of
immune system, type of intestinal microbes and oxidative stress. CD and UC are
due to the lack of adaptation of the innate immune system to the environment.
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) UC like IBD mainly affects the large intestine and rectum
lining. Chronic UC can cause colon cancer. Use of various probiotic species like
Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum has
shown promising results (Kelesidis and Pothoulakis 2012). Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus acidophilus in fermented milk were
beneficial to induce mild degree remission in patients.
Crohn’s Disease (CD) Crohn’s disease affects the intestine usually but it may
extend in GIT anywhere starting from mouth to anus. It will ulcerate and inflame the
GIT thus making the body unable to digest the food properly and eliminate waste.
The causative agents can be Clostridium difficile, Salmonella species, Campylobacter
jejuni,, Mycoplasma and Adenovirus. Examples of effective probiotics that offer a
therapeutic effect are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii. This
can be due to competitive action with commensal pathogenic flora on the immune
system response and by restoration of intestinal mucosa integrity.
Pouchitis After ileal pouch canal anastomosis and colectomy, the ileal pouch is
usually inflamed. A probiotic mixture is one remedy for this condition. By inducing
mucosal cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 this influences the intracellular interaction of
mucosa and improve the function of intestinal barrier and the modulation of the
cytoskeletal and tight junctional protein phosphorylation, producing anti-oxidant
enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase ameliorating the IBD symptoms.
10.7.2 Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is most common type of carbohydrate intolerance. This occurs
due to lower levels of Beta galactosidase enzyme activity and lack of digestion of
lactose. The typical symptoms include abdominal distress like diarrhea, bloating,
colic, abdominal pain and flatulence. The therapeutic interventions are: treatment
with lactase (tablets); and the treatment with probiotics such as Streptococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The intake of milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum cause decrease hydrogen production and
flatulence and improve lactose intolerance.
10.7.3 Diabetes
Diabetes is popularly referred as a serious lifestyle disease. It is of two types:
S. Palai et al.
IBD includes Ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and pouchitis. The
other precipitating factors include genetic, environmental factors, dysregulation of
immune system, type of intestinal microbes and oxidative stress. CD and UC are
due to the lack of adaptation of the innate immune system to the environment.
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) UC like IBD mainly affects the large intestine and rectum
lining. Chronic UC can cause colon cancer. Use of various probiotic species like
Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum has
shown promising results (Kelesidis and Pothoulakis 2012). Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus acidophilus in fermented milk were
beneficial to induce mild degree remission in patients.
Crohn’s Disease (CD) Crohn’s disease affects the intestine usually but it may
extend in GIT anywhere starting from mouth to anus. It will ulcerate and inflame the
GIT thus making the body unable to digest the food properly and eliminate waste.
The causative agents can be Clostridium difficile, Salmonella species, Campylobacter
jejuni,, Mycoplasma and Adenovirus. Examples of effective probiotics that offer a
therapeutic effect are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii. This
can be due to competitive action with commensal pathogenic flora on the immune
system response and by restoration of intestinal mucosa integrity.
Pouchitis After ileal pouch canal anastomosis and colectomy, the ileal pouch is
usually inflamed. A probiotic mixture is one remedy for this condition. By inducing
mucosal cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 this influences the intracellular interaction of
mucosa and improve the function of intestinal barrier and the modulation of the
cytoskeletal and tight junctional protein phosphorylation, producing anti-oxidant
enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase ameliorating the IBD symptoms.
10.7.2 Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is most common type of carbohydrate intolerance. This occurs
due to lower levels of Beta galactosidase enzyme activity and lack of digestion of
lactose. The typical symptoms include abdominal distress like diarrhea, bloating,
colic, abdominal pain and flatulence. The therapeutic interventions are: treatment
with lactase (tablets); and the treatment with probiotics such as Streptococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The intake of milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum cause decrease hydrogen production and
flatulence and improve lactose intolerance.
10.7.3 Diabetes
Diabetes is popularly referred as a serious lifestyle disease. It is of two types:
S. Palai et al.