management of waste in more sustainable way which would significantly contribute
to economy, environment, and society. In the past decade, the concept of “circular
economy” was introduced which describes maintaining the market value of the
products, resources instead of disposing them as in the case of linear economy
(Bos et al. 2017; Dahiya et al. 2018; Kaur et al. 2018; Maina et al. 2017; Vea
et al. 2018). In other words the circular economy matches with green chemistry of
bio-based product generation from wastes. Thus eliminating disposal of wastes,
rather producing new products/recycling and reusing in more sustainable way. It is
high time to develop new technologies to extract value added products from the
biowastes. Hence, this chapter aims to review the biowastes valorization into
chemicals, fuels, food, and feed additives. This chapter covers the various types of
biowastes, ways to utilize them, products generated out of it, and their future scope
(Fig. 5.1).
5.2
Biowastes
According to European Union definition, biodegradable garden and park waste, food
and kitchen wastes, office waste, restaurant waste, whole sale waste, and food
processing plant waste are included in the biowastes (Fava et al. 2015). However,
increased evidence of literature suggest that agricultural wastes can be one of the
main feedstock for the production of biofuel and chemicals. This chapter focusses on
agricultural residues, food wastes, animal wastes, and industrial wastes for generation of chemicals, fuels, food as described in Fig. 5.2.
Agri/Forest
residues
Municipal
waste
Food waste
Animal
waste
Food processing
industrial waste
Bioalcohol
Biodiesel
Biohydrogen
Biogas
Sugars
Polymers
Butanediol
Lactic acid
Succinic acid
Lactic acid
Single cell
protein
Single cell oil
Biowaste
No dumping
No burning
No landfill
Reuse, Reduce
Recovery of High
value products
Circular economy
Fuels
Platform
chemicals
Food
Biowaste valorization into food, fuels & chemicals
Fig. 5.1 Valorization of biowastes into fuels, chemicals, and food—an effort towards circular
economy
5 Valorization of Biowastes into Food, Fuels, and Chemicals: Towards Sustainable. . .
87
to economy, environment, and society. In the past decade, the concept of “circular
economy” was introduced which describes maintaining the market value of the
products, resources instead of disposing them as in the case of linear economy
(Bos et al. 2017; Dahiya et al. 2018; Kaur et al. 2018; Maina et al. 2017; Vea
et al. 2018). In other words the circular economy matches with green chemistry of
bio-based product generation from wastes. Thus eliminating disposal of wastes,
rather producing new products/recycling and reusing in more sustainable way. It is
high time to develop new technologies to extract value added products from the
biowastes. Hence, this chapter aims to review the biowastes valorization into
chemicals, fuels, food, and feed additives. This chapter covers the various types of
biowastes, ways to utilize them, products generated out of it, and their future scope
(Fig. 5.1).
5.2
Biowastes
According to European Union definition, biodegradable garden and park waste, food
and kitchen wastes, office waste, restaurant waste, whole sale waste, and food
processing plant waste are included in the biowastes (Fava et al. 2015). However,
increased evidence of literature suggest that agricultural wastes can be one of the
main feedstock for the production of biofuel and chemicals. This chapter focusses on
agricultural residues, food wastes, animal wastes, and industrial wastes for generation of chemicals, fuels, food as described in Fig. 5.2.
Agri/Forest
residues
Municipal
waste
Food waste
Animal
waste
Food processing
industrial waste
Bioalcohol
Biodiesel
Biohydrogen
Biogas
Sugars
Polymers
Butanediol
Lactic acid
Succinic acid
Lactic acid
Single cell
protein
Single cell oil
Biowaste
No dumping
No burning
No landfill
Reuse, Reduce
Recovery of High
value products
Circular economy
Fuels
Platform
chemicals
Food
Biowaste valorization into food, fuels & chemicals
Fig. 5.1 Valorization of biowastes into fuels, chemicals, and food—an effort towards circular
economy
5 Valorization of Biowastes into Food, Fuels, and Chemicals: Towards Sustainable. . .
87