and not strip out the nutrient. (Lu et al. 2012). The in situ recovery by gas stripping is
integrated in fermentation system by removing the biobutanol and retaining the
concentration of biobutanol under its maximum value in fermentation culture. The
gas stripping is a promising technique due to its economic and operation simplicity.
Besides, the study of gas stripping technique from small scale up to large scale can
be carried out extensively. However the process to selectively recover biobutanol
from ABE medium need to be carried out using two-stage gas stripping technique
(Xue et al. 2013), which increased biobutanol production by two-fold. Further, the
energy consumption for gas stripping process could be reduced by obtaining high
recovery of biobutanol (Xue et al. 2013). Table 4.3 summarizes and compares the
pros and cons of these alternative biobutanol recovery methods.
4.5
Conclusion
Agricultural biomass could provide a sustainable and economical way to produce
biobutanol via biotechnology approach in order to overcome the limited fossil fuels
reservoir that the world has been facing. However, the bioconversion of biomass into
biofuels still faces many challenges that include limited yields of biobutanol due to
the multiple by-products, the suitability of the biomass as feedstock, and cost of
pretreatment. Therefore, research must be directed to decipher the fundamental
processes of biobutanol production, enhance the productivity of metabolic pathway
through genetic engineering of microorganisms, and reduce the cost of pretreatment
of agricultural biomass.
References
Abd-aziz S (2002) Sago starch and its utilisation. J Biosci Bioeng 94(6):526–529
Adams P, Bows A, Gilbert P, Hammond J, Howard D, Lee R, McNamara N, Thornley P,
Whittaker C, Whitaker J (2013) Understanding geenhouse gas balances of bioenergy systems,
pp 1–44. https://supergen-bioenergy.net/outputpdf/GHG_balances.pdf (Retrieved 25 May 2020
Adapa PK, Tabil LG, Schonenau GJ, Canam T, Dumonceaux T (2011) Quantitative analysis of
lignocellulosic components of non-treated and steam exploded barley, canola, oat and wheat
straw using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Agricult Sci Technol B1:177–188
Aditiya HB, Mahlia TMI, Chong WT, Nur H, Sebayang AH (2016) Second generation bioethanol
production : a critical review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 66:631–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2016.07.015
Ali N, Aziz CAC, Hassan O (2015) Alkali pretreatment and acid hydrolysis of coconut pulp and
empty fruit bunch to produce glucose. J Teknol 74(7):7–11. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v74.
4687
Alias SNS (2009) Effects of pH and temperature on glucose production from tapioca starch using
enzymatic hydrolysis: a statictical approach. University Malaysia, Pahang. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159177476.pdf
Amon B, Kryvoruchko V, Amon T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S (2006) Methane, nitrous oxide and
ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of
slurry treatment. Agric Ecosyst Environ 112:153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.
030
80
N. H. Alias et al.
integrated in fermentation system by removing the biobutanol and retaining the
concentration of biobutanol under its maximum value in fermentation culture. The
gas stripping is a promising technique due to its economic and operation simplicity.
Besides, the study of gas stripping technique from small scale up to large scale can
be carried out extensively. However the process to selectively recover biobutanol
from ABE medium need to be carried out using two-stage gas stripping technique
(Xue et al. 2013), which increased biobutanol production by two-fold. Further, the
energy consumption for gas stripping process could be reduced by obtaining high
recovery of biobutanol (Xue et al. 2013). Table 4.3 summarizes and compares the
pros and cons of these alternative biobutanol recovery methods.
4.5
Conclusion
Agricultural biomass could provide a sustainable and economical way to produce
biobutanol via biotechnology approach in order to overcome the limited fossil fuels
reservoir that the world has been facing. However, the bioconversion of biomass into
biofuels still faces many challenges that include limited yields of biobutanol due to
the multiple by-products, the suitability of the biomass as feedstock, and cost of
pretreatment. Therefore, research must be directed to decipher the fundamental
processes of biobutanol production, enhance the productivity of metabolic pathway
through genetic engineering of microorganisms, and reduce the cost of pretreatment
of agricultural biomass.
References
Abd-aziz S (2002) Sago starch and its utilisation. J Biosci Bioeng 94(6):526–529
Adams P, Bows A, Gilbert P, Hammond J, Howard D, Lee R, McNamara N, Thornley P,
Whittaker C, Whitaker J (2013) Understanding geenhouse gas balances of bioenergy systems,
pp 1–44. https://supergen-bioenergy.net/outputpdf/GHG_balances.pdf (Retrieved 25 May 2020
Adapa PK, Tabil LG, Schonenau GJ, Canam T, Dumonceaux T (2011) Quantitative analysis of
lignocellulosic components of non-treated and steam exploded barley, canola, oat and wheat
straw using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Agricult Sci Technol B1:177–188
Aditiya HB, Mahlia TMI, Chong WT, Nur H, Sebayang AH (2016) Second generation bioethanol
production : a critical review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 66:631–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2016.07.015
Ali N, Aziz CAC, Hassan O (2015) Alkali pretreatment and acid hydrolysis of coconut pulp and
empty fruit bunch to produce glucose. J Teknol 74(7):7–11. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v74.
4687
Alias SNS (2009) Effects of pH and temperature on glucose production from tapioca starch using
enzymatic hydrolysis: a statictical approach. University Malaysia, Pahang. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159177476.pdf
Amon B, Kryvoruchko V, Amon T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S (2006) Methane, nitrous oxide and
ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of
slurry treatment. Agric Ecosyst Environ 112:153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.
030
80
N. H. Alias et al.