5% of jobs, has a significant share of workers’ total wage bill (22%). In fact, a public
sector worker would have an average monthly salary of US$1746 in 2017, approximately 4.6 times the monthly minimum wage in that year. The opposite situation
occurs with jobs related to the bioeconomy, which represent a share of only 10% of
the workers’ remuneration (Fig. 3.3b). On average, a worker in this sector receives
US$207 per month, which is less than the monthly minimum wage and less than the
minimum cost of living. This situation reflects the existence of inadequate work
conditions and high labour informality in the sector, as it is mostly primary.
3.6.2 Production and Consumption
The consumption of intermediate products in 2017 reached a total of US$73,836
million, linked to a production of US$170,919 million, while the difference was
destined to final consumption. Consequently, Fig. 3.4a shows that there is an almost
equal participation between the bioeconomy (23%), service sector (26%), and the
traditional manufacturing industry (19%) in the intermediate consumption of goods
and services, implying a significant participation of the bioeconomy. More than 90%
of the intermediate consumption of the bioeconomy is linked to the secondary sector
(crop and animal-related bioindustry) and the rest to primary products
(bioagriculture). The higher added value of processed products compared to agricultural products explains this situation.
Fig. 3.4 Contribution to intermediate consumption (values at consumer price) (a) and total
production (b) Source: Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) (2017a, b)
54
D. Ortega-Pacheco et al.
sector worker would have an average monthly salary of US$1746 in 2017, approximately 4.6 times the monthly minimum wage in that year. The opposite situation
occurs with jobs related to the bioeconomy, which represent a share of only 10% of
the workers’ remuneration (Fig. 3.3b). On average, a worker in this sector receives
US$207 per month, which is less than the monthly minimum wage and less than the
minimum cost of living. This situation reflects the existence of inadequate work
conditions and high labour informality in the sector, as it is mostly primary.
3.6.2 Production and Consumption
The consumption of intermediate products in 2017 reached a total of US$73,836
million, linked to a production of US$170,919 million, while the difference was
destined to final consumption. Consequently, Fig. 3.4a shows that there is an almost
equal participation between the bioeconomy (23%), service sector (26%), and the
traditional manufacturing industry (19%) in the intermediate consumption of goods
and services, implying a significant participation of the bioeconomy. More than 90%
of the intermediate consumption of the bioeconomy is linked to the secondary sector
(crop and animal-related bioindustry) and the rest to primary products
(bioagriculture). The higher added value of processed products compared to agricultural products explains this situation.
Fig. 3.4 Contribution to intermediate consumption (values at consumer price) (a) and total
production (b) Source: Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) (2017a, b)
54
D. Ortega-Pacheco et al.