aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones and trail pheromones. Aggregation
pheromones are released by insects as an indication of food source available.
Alarm pheromones are secreted by insects to show the presence of a predator and
cause movement of insects away from the source. Sex pheromones are released
normally by one sex only and they elicit responses in the other sex. These
pheromones facilitate in mating. Synthetic analogues of sex pheromones are used
in pest management. In fact, sex pheromones are used for pest monitoring, mating
disruption and mass trapping.
11.10.3 Advantages of Biochemical Pesticides
• Safe for natural enemies, environment and human beings.
• Lesser chance to develop resistance to these pesticides.
• Economical, biodegradable, renewable and user friendly.
• Active component degrade rapidly thus it is more acceptable.
• They are stable and can be stored for extended period.
• They are insect specific especially in case of semiochemicals.
11.10.4 Disadvantages of Biochemical Pesticides
• More quantity of pesticide required due to its crude formulations.
• Mode of action is slow.
• Higher specificity and require an exact identification of the pest/pathogen.
• Variable efficacy.
Biochemical
pesƟcides
Respiratory
system blocking
spiracle leads to
suffocation
Nervous
system impair
signal
transduction
Cellular level
disturbing ion
pump, signal
transduction
Neuroendocrine system
juvenile hormonal
imbalance, decrease
fertility, fecundity,
malformation
Affects
DNA,RNA
and protein
synthesis
Neurotoxicant
causing
paralysis and
death
Fig. 11.7 Mode of action of
biochemical pesticides
11 Biopesticides for Pest Management
259
pheromones are released by insects as an indication of food source available.
Alarm pheromones are secreted by insects to show the presence of a predator and
cause movement of insects away from the source. Sex pheromones are released
normally by one sex only and they elicit responses in the other sex. These
pheromones facilitate in mating. Synthetic analogues of sex pheromones are used
in pest management. In fact, sex pheromones are used for pest monitoring, mating
disruption and mass trapping.
11.10.3 Advantages of Biochemical Pesticides
• Safe for natural enemies, environment and human beings.
• Lesser chance to develop resistance to these pesticides.
• Economical, biodegradable, renewable and user friendly.
• Active component degrade rapidly thus it is more acceptable.
• They are stable and can be stored for extended period.
• They are insect specific especially in case of semiochemicals.
11.10.4 Disadvantages of Biochemical Pesticides
• More quantity of pesticide required due to its crude formulations.
• Mode of action is slow.
• Higher specificity and require an exact identification of the pest/pathogen.
• Variable efficacy.
Biochemical
pesƟcides
Respiratory
system blocking
spiracle leads to
suffocation
Nervous
system impair
signal
transduction
Cellular level
disturbing ion
pump, signal
transduction
Neuroendocrine system
juvenile hormonal
imbalance, decrease
fertility, fecundity,
malformation
Affects
DNA,RNA
and protein
synthesis
Neurotoxicant
causing
paralysis and
death
Fig. 11.7 Mode of action of
biochemical pesticides
11 Biopesticides for Pest Management
259