Table 10.1 Application of agroecology in agroecosystem management in the tropics based on
three sustainable development aspects
SDG aspect
Agroecology
practices
Problem detection
Solution concept
References
Environmental Agroecology
for watershed
management
1. Land
degradation
2. Soil erosion
3. Heavy metal
contamination
1. Agroecology
solutions include
terrace farming,
contour planting, or
silvipasture system
2. Mixture garden
with full cover crops
and introducing of
revegetation plant
species
Aflizar et al.
(2016)
Agroecology
for mitigation
of
greenhouse
gases
emissions
1. Climate change
could become a
problem in
continuous
agricultural
production
2. Emissions
sources (methane,
nitrous oxide) from
the agricultural
sector is rice fields
1. Mitigation efforts
of greenhouse gases
emissions from rice
field are high yielding
rice varieties with
lower missions,
2. Intermittent
irrigation,
3. Balance and
efficient fertilization,
4. Use of ameliorant
materials,
5. Integrated food
crops-livestock
Wihardjaka
et al. (2018)
Social
Agroecology
for food
security
strategy of
local
community
1. Poverty
2. Food security
3. Malnutrition
4. Semi-arid land
condition
5. Adaptation to
drought conditions/
limited water
1. The food security
strategy is to produce
corn in multiple
cropping systems
2. Corn as a
carbohydrate,
legumes as a source
of protein, and other
plant species as
minerals and vitamins
3. Co-management
principle is used from
preparing land until
harvesting
4. Management of
crop cycle period
5. Cooperative
farming practices
6. Efficient utilization
of water resources
7. Use of corn waste
as feed and fertilizer
8. Appreciation from
the government to
existence farmers
Carolina
and Hidajat
(2016)
(continued)
10 Tropical Biological Natural Resource Management Through Integrated. . .
217
three sustainable development aspects
SDG aspect
Agroecology
practices
Problem detection
Solution concept
References
Environmental Agroecology
for watershed
management
1. Land
degradation
2. Soil erosion
3. Heavy metal
contamination
1. Agroecology
solutions include
terrace farming,
contour planting, or
silvipasture system
2. Mixture garden
with full cover crops
and introducing of
revegetation plant
species
Aflizar et al.
(2016)
Agroecology
for mitigation
of
greenhouse
gases
emissions
1. Climate change
could become a
problem in
continuous
agricultural
production
2. Emissions
sources (methane,
nitrous oxide) from
the agricultural
sector is rice fields
1. Mitigation efforts
of greenhouse gases
emissions from rice
field are high yielding
rice varieties with
lower missions,
2. Intermittent
irrigation,
3. Balance and
efficient fertilization,
4. Use of ameliorant
materials,
5. Integrated food
crops-livestock
Wihardjaka
et al. (2018)
Social
Agroecology
for food
security
strategy of
local
community
1. Poverty
2. Food security
3. Malnutrition
4. Semi-arid land
condition
5. Adaptation to
drought conditions/
limited water
1. The food security
strategy is to produce
corn in multiple
cropping systems
2. Corn as a
carbohydrate,
legumes as a source
of protein, and other
plant species as
minerals and vitamins
3. Co-management
principle is used from
preparing land until
harvesting
4. Management of
crop cycle period
5. Cooperative
farming practices
6. Efficient utilization
of water resources
7. Use of corn waste
as feed and fertilizer
8. Appreciation from
the government to
existence farmers
Carolina
and Hidajat
(2016)
(continued)
10 Tropical Biological Natural Resource Management Through Integrated. . .
217