5.3
Conclusion
Valorization of biowastes (agricultural, food, industrial wastes) is an important step
towards sustainable economy, environment, and society. Valorization technologies
and their adoption vary with type, composition, availability of biowastes, energy
demand, economic and technological feasibility. However, there are challenges that
need to be sorted, for instance, sorting different wastes, storing them, instability of
microorganisms in the wastes, and high heterogeneity of by-products. The
challenges warrant development of new and innovative technologies. Further,
while the valorization of biowastes into value added products is a good option,
many of the technologies available for valorization of biowastes are costly. Hence,
concerted effort is required to reduce the cost of technology and upscale the
economic returns.
References
Ahorsu R, Medina F, Constantí M (2018) Significance and challenges of biomass as a suitable
feedstock for bioenergy and biochemical production. Rev Energ 11:3366. https://doi.org/10.
3390/en11123366
Appels L, Dewil R (2012) Biomass valorization to energy and value added chemicals: the future of
chemical industry. Resour Conserv Recycl 59:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.09.
021
Arancon RAD, Lin CSK, Chan KM, Kwan TH, Luque R (2013) Advances on waste valorization:
new horizons for a more sustainable society. Energy Sci Eng 1:53–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ese3.9
Balan V (2014) Current challenges in commercially producing biofuels from lignocellulosic
biomass. ISRN Biotechnol 2014:31. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/463074
Balboa EM, Moure A, Dominguez H (2015) Valorization of Sargassum muticum biomass
according to the biorefinery. Concept Mar Drugs 13:3745–3760. https://doi.org/10.3390/
md13063745
Bhatia SK, Joo H-S, Yang Y-H (2018) Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods – a minireview. Energy Convers Manag 177:640–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.090
Biddy MJ, Scarlata C, Kinchin C (2016) Chemicals from biomass: a market assessment of
bioproducts with near-term potential. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden,
CO. https://doi.org/10.2172/1244312
Bos H, Annevelink B, Rv R (2017) The role of biomass, bioenergy and biorefining in a circular
economy. Wageningen University & Research, IEA Bioenergy, Paris
Breitenmoser L et al (2019) Anaerobic digestion of biowastes in India: opportunities, challenges
and research needs. J Environ Manag 236:396–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.
014
Dahiya S, Kumar AN, Shanthi Sravan J, Chatterjee S, Sarkar O, Mohan SV (2018) Food waste
biorefinery: sustainable strategy for circular bioeconomy. Bioresour Technol 248:2–12. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.176
Fatih Demirbas M, Balat M, Balat H (2011) Biowastes-to-biofuels. Energy Convers Manag
52:1815–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.041
Fava F et al (2015) Biowaste biorefinery in Europe: opportunities and research & development
needs. New Biotechnol 32:100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.11.003
Fritsch C et al (2017) Processing, valorization and application of bio-waste derived compounds
from potato, tomato, olive and cereals. Rev Sustain 9:1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081492
98
M. I. Kumar et al.
Conclusion
Valorization of biowastes (agricultural, food, industrial wastes) is an important step
towards sustainable economy, environment, and society. Valorization technologies
and their adoption vary with type, composition, availability of biowastes, energy
demand, economic and technological feasibility. However, there are challenges that
need to be sorted, for instance, sorting different wastes, storing them, instability of
microorganisms in the wastes, and high heterogeneity of by-products. The
challenges warrant development of new and innovative technologies. Further,
while the valorization of biowastes into value added products is a good option,
many of the technologies available for valorization of biowastes are costly. Hence,
concerted effort is required to reduce the cost of technology and upscale the
economic returns.
References
Ahorsu R, Medina F, Constantí M (2018) Significance and challenges of biomass as a suitable
feedstock for bioenergy and biochemical production. Rev Energ 11:3366. https://doi.org/10.
3390/en11123366
Appels L, Dewil R (2012) Biomass valorization to energy and value added chemicals: the future of
chemical industry. Resour Conserv Recycl 59:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.09.
021
Arancon RAD, Lin CSK, Chan KM, Kwan TH, Luque R (2013) Advances on waste valorization:
new horizons for a more sustainable society. Energy Sci Eng 1:53–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ese3.9
Balan V (2014) Current challenges in commercially producing biofuels from lignocellulosic
biomass. ISRN Biotechnol 2014:31. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/463074
Balboa EM, Moure A, Dominguez H (2015) Valorization of Sargassum muticum biomass
according to the biorefinery. Concept Mar Drugs 13:3745–3760. https://doi.org/10.3390/
md13063745
Bhatia SK, Joo H-S, Yang Y-H (2018) Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods – a minireview. Energy Convers Manag 177:640–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.090
Biddy MJ, Scarlata C, Kinchin C (2016) Chemicals from biomass: a market assessment of
bioproducts with near-term potential. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden,
CO. https://doi.org/10.2172/1244312
Bos H, Annevelink B, Rv R (2017) The role of biomass, bioenergy and biorefining in a circular
economy. Wageningen University & Research, IEA Bioenergy, Paris
Breitenmoser L et al (2019) Anaerobic digestion of biowastes in India: opportunities, challenges
and research needs. J Environ Manag 236:396–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.
014
Dahiya S, Kumar AN, Shanthi Sravan J, Chatterjee S, Sarkar O, Mohan SV (2018) Food waste
biorefinery: sustainable strategy for circular bioeconomy. Bioresour Technol 248:2–12. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.176
Fatih Demirbas M, Balat M, Balat H (2011) Biowastes-to-biofuels. Energy Convers Manag
52:1815–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.041
Fava F et al (2015) Biowaste biorefinery in Europe: opportunities and research & development
needs. New Biotechnol 32:100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.11.003
Fritsch C et al (2017) Processing, valorization and application of bio-waste derived compounds
from potato, tomato, olive and cereals. Rev Sustain 9:1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081492
98
M. I. Kumar et al.