All of the different types of biomass can be used for generation of biofuels. The
major pathways used for generation of biofuel from biomass is given in Fig. 5.4. For
efficient conversion of biomass to biofuels initially it needs to undergo pretreatment
to remove the recalcitrant molecule lignin and enable the sugars such as cellulose
and hemicellulose to be fermented by microorganisms to produce biofuel (Narron
et al. 2016).
Biomass
Agro/ Forestry residues
- stumps
- Whole trees
- barks
Municipal waste
- sludge
- organic fracƟons
of wastes
Agricultural crops
- sugarcane
- sweet sorghum
- maize
- cassava
- sweet potato
- rapeseed & palm oil
- jatropha
Lignocellulosic biomass
- Grass
- Industrial residue
- straw
- bagasse
- Paddy straw
Different types of biomass availability and origin
Fig. 5.3 Availability of biomass for valorization based on origin
Agri/Forestry
residues
Municipal waste
Food waste
Animal waste
Food processing
industrial waste
Biowaste
Biogas
(Methane)
Anaerobic digestion
Fermentation
Transesterification
Microbia fuel cells
Microbial fermentation
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Electricity
Hydrocarbon
Valorization of biowaste to biobased fuels
Fig. 5.4 Valorization of biomass into fuels
5 Valorization of Biowastes into Food, Fuels, and Chemicals: Towards Sustainable. . .
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