Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Guava has wider adoptability in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In
India, most of the cultivation takes place under a tropical and subtropical climate, so
diverse germplasm has been recorded. Guava can tolerate temperatures below 15
to
above 35
C, but the optimal temperature range is 23–28
C (Nath et al. 2019). The
plants grow best with an annual rainfall about 1000 mm. The guava plant is very
sensitive to waterlogged conditions, so good drainage is necessary for young plants.
The guava flowers throughout the year. Good quality of fruit is produced in
the winter season, whereas in the rainy season fruits are inferior in quality because
of the high water content, insipid in taste and with incidences of pests and disease.
The guava plant is tolerant to environmental stresses but young plants are very
susceptible to drought and cold. Temperature increases may affect the red colour in
guava production. Development of red colour on the peel of guava requires mild
days with a cool night temperature. Red dot skin develops in the Apple Color guava
under subtropical conditions in North India because of the warmer night conditions.
Production of red colour guava recorded negative correlation with TSS, dry mass
percentage, and fruit firmness with temperature during fruit growth (Rajan 2008).
The mean temperature of the coldest quarter will be 3.2
C higher than normal
temperature, resulting in less red colour development on fruits (Rajan 2008).
Apple (Malus spp.)
The apple is the most important temperate-zone fruit in the world; it is also known as
the ‘king of temperate fruit.’ The optimal temperature is 21–24
C (during the active
growth period) with annual precipitation about 100–125 cm (Verma 2014a, b, c).
The plant requires chilling temperatures at 4–7
C for 1250–1500 h (Jindal et al.
2000). Breeders have also developed a low chilling variety of apple but those
varieties grow well in subtropical as well as tropical areas. The quality of the apples
Fig. 4.3 (a) Peel puffing in satsuma mandarin (left); normal fruit (right) (Sugiura 2019). (b) Fruit
cracking in Valencia fruits (Abobatta 2019)
4 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Fruit Crops
87
Guava has wider adoptability in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In
India, most of the cultivation takes place under a tropical and subtropical climate, so
diverse germplasm has been recorded. Guava can tolerate temperatures below 15
to
above 35
C, but the optimal temperature range is 23–28
C (Nath et al. 2019). The
plants grow best with an annual rainfall about 1000 mm. The guava plant is very
sensitive to waterlogged conditions, so good drainage is necessary for young plants.
The guava flowers throughout the year. Good quality of fruit is produced in
the winter season, whereas in the rainy season fruits are inferior in quality because
of the high water content, insipid in taste and with incidences of pests and disease.
The guava plant is tolerant to environmental stresses but young plants are very
susceptible to drought and cold. Temperature increases may affect the red colour in
guava production. Development of red colour on the peel of guava requires mild
days with a cool night temperature. Red dot skin develops in the Apple Color guava
under subtropical conditions in North India because of the warmer night conditions.
Production of red colour guava recorded negative correlation with TSS, dry mass
percentage, and fruit firmness with temperature during fruit growth (Rajan 2008).
The mean temperature of the coldest quarter will be 3.2
C higher than normal
temperature, resulting in less red colour development on fruits (Rajan 2008).
Apple (Malus spp.)
The apple is the most important temperate-zone fruit in the world; it is also known as
the ‘king of temperate fruit.’ The optimal temperature is 21–24
C (during the active
growth period) with annual precipitation about 100–125 cm (Verma 2014a, b, c).
The plant requires chilling temperatures at 4–7
C for 1250–1500 h (Jindal et al.
2000). Breeders have also developed a low chilling variety of apple but those
varieties grow well in subtropical as well as tropical areas. The quality of the apples
Fig. 4.3 (a) Peel puffing in satsuma mandarin (left); normal fruit (right) (Sugiura 2019). (b) Fruit
cracking in Valencia fruits (Abobatta 2019)
4 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Fruit Crops
87