Banana (Musa spp.)
Bananas are mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The
banana is also ubiquitous in availability in nonproducing regions through national as
well as international trade, which accounts for 15% of global production (Turner
et al. 2007). Quantifying the optimal climatic condition of banana climate sensitivity
predicts the wide impacts of climate change on production systems. In our global
model, banana growth is greatest at the optimum annual temperature of 27
C
(Æ0.04
C) (Calberto et al. 2015; Ramirez et al. 2011), from 20.1
C (95%
CI Æ 0.1
C) for Brazil to 30.4
C (95% CI Æ 0.1
C) for Africa (Fig. 4.1).
The main factors of banana growth that hamper production, apart from disease
and pests, are long dry seasons (Van Asten et al. 2011), cold front events, and also
cyclonic winds. Most of the cultivars below 15
C have significantly slow growth
and below 10
C the growth of new leaves is restricted. Banana requires about
1000–2200 mm water/year for adequate growth (Ramirez et al. 2011), so decreases
in precipitation may affect the maturity of plants and fruit. Warmer night temperature
deteriorates fruit quality (Chen 2012). Crop duration has been reduced by dry spells
during flower emergence.
Consistent increases in temperature in the past few years have direct impact on
yield. Regional model-based forecasting recorded that by 2050 (Fig. 4.2), past
positive effects of changes of climate on yield of banana are likely to continue at a
lower magnitude. Warmer countries having more optimal temperatures have seen
increased productivity, whereas exceeding the regional optimum temperature shows
declines in production (Varma and Bebber 2019).
Fig. 4.1 Cardinal value of mean annual temperature and total annual rainfall for banana yields
(Varma and Bebber 2019)
4 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Fruit Crops
85
Bananas are mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The
banana is also ubiquitous in availability in nonproducing regions through national as
well as international trade, which accounts for 15% of global production (Turner
et al. 2007). Quantifying the optimal climatic condition of banana climate sensitivity
predicts the wide impacts of climate change on production systems. In our global
model, banana growth is greatest at the optimum annual temperature of 27
C
(Æ0.04
C) (Calberto et al. 2015; Ramirez et al. 2011), from 20.1
C (95%
CI Æ 0.1
C) for Brazil to 30.4
C (95% CI Æ 0.1
C) for Africa (Fig. 4.1).
The main factors of banana growth that hamper production, apart from disease
and pests, are long dry seasons (Van Asten et al. 2011), cold front events, and also
cyclonic winds. Most of the cultivars below 15
C have significantly slow growth
and below 10
C the growth of new leaves is restricted. Banana requires about
1000–2200 mm water/year for adequate growth (Ramirez et al. 2011), so decreases
in precipitation may affect the maturity of plants and fruit. Warmer night temperature
deteriorates fruit quality (Chen 2012). Crop duration has been reduced by dry spells
during flower emergence.
Consistent increases in temperature in the past few years have direct impact on
yield. Regional model-based forecasting recorded that by 2050 (Fig. 4.2), past
positive effects of changes of climate on yield of banana are likely to continue at a
lower magnitude. Warmer countries having more optimal temperatures have seen
increased productivity, whereas exceeding the regional optimum temperature shows
declines in production (Varma and Bebber 2019).
Fig. 4.1 Cardinal value of mean annual temperature and total annual rainfall for banana yields
(Varma and Bebber 2019)
4 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Fruit Crops
85