shows the first two components with eigen values greater than 1 that together
contribute 100% of the total variance explained. In component 1, the highest
correlation is found among pH, BOD, COD, turbidity, alkalinity, ammoniacal
nitrogen, phenolphthalein acidity, and DO whereas in the second component correlation is high among turbidity, total hardness, and total suspended solids. The same
procedure has been applied for analysis of soil quality parameters wherein the first
two components with eigen values greater than 1 together contribute 96.56% of the
total variance explained (Table 9.7). In the first component, pH, moisture content,
water-holding capacity, sand, clay, total nitrogen (N), mineral nitrogen, total
Table 9.4 Estimated values of soil quality analysis
Sample Parameters
Unit
Disturbed
catchment
Undisturbed
catchment
Semidisturbed
catchment
1
p H
–
5.24
4.93
5.03
2
Electrical
conductivity
μs/cm
60
46
37
3
Moisture content
%
7.7
2.5
6.1
4
Water-soluble
aggregates
%
0.026
0.022
0.017
5
Water-holding
capacity
kg/kg
0.392
0.346
0.378
6
Bulk density
gm/cm
3
1.39
1.41
1.37
7
Soil texture
–
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
(a)
Sand
%
54.5
53.8
50.6
(b)
Silt
%
29.3
28.1
29.2
(c)
Clay
%
16.2
18.1
20.2
8
Carbon:nitrogen
ratio (C:N)
wt. basis 11.2
12.3
11.7
9
Total carbon (C)
g/kg
45.6
50.4
99.5
10
Soil organic
carbon
gm/kg
10.7
2.8
17.1
11
Total nitrogen (N) mg/kg
957
228
1,457
12
Mineral nitrogen
mg/kg
216
48
248
13
Total potassium
(K)
mg/kg
9,237
6,222
6,640
14
Total phosphorus
(P)
mg/kg
428.1
227.9
404.8
15
Total sodium (Na) mg/kg
1,398
1,319
1,524
16
Sodium absorption
ratio
–
11.1
13.2
14.2
17
Total calcium (Ca) mg/kg
3,164
2,807
2,971
18
Na 2 O
mg/kg
1,884
1,778
2,054
19
K 2 O
mg/kg
11,127
7495
7,999
20
P 2 O 5
mg/kg
1,013
539
958
21
Al 2 O 3
mg/kg
38,164
47,590
42,443
22
SiO 2
mg/kg
77.7
75.1
64.4
9 Assessment of Stream Flow Impact on Physicochemical Properties of Water and. . .
221
contribute 100% of the total variance explained. In component 1, the highest
correlation is found among pH, BOD, COD, turbidity, alkalinity, ammoniacal
nitrogen, phenolphthalein acidity, and DO whereas in the second component correlation is high among turbidity, total hardness, and total suspended solids. The same
procedure has been applied for analysis of soil quality parameters wherein the first
two components with eigen values greater than 1 together contribute 96.56% of the
total variance explained (Table 9.7). In the first component, pH, moisture content,
water-holding capacity, sand, clay, total nitrogen (N), mineral nitrogen, total
Table 9.4 Estimated values of soil quality analysis
Sample Parameters
Unit
Disturbed
catchment
Undisturbed
catchment
Semidisturbed
catchment
1
p H
–
5.24
4.93
5.03
2
Electrical
conductivity
μs/cm
60
46
37
3
Moisture content
%
7.7
2.5
6.1
4
Water-soluble
aggregates
%
0.026
0.022
0.017
5
Water-holding
capacity
kg/kg
0.392
0.346
0.378
6
Bulk density
gm/cm
3
1.39
1.41
1.37
7
Soil texture
–
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
(a)
Sand
%
54.5
53.8
50.6
(b)
Silt
%
29.3
28.1
29.2
(c)
Clay
%
16.2
18.1
20.2
8
Carbon:nitrogen
ratio (C:N)
wt. basis 11.2
12.3
11.7
9
Total carbon (C)
g/kg
45.6
50.4
99.5
10
Soil organic
carbon
gm/kg
10.7
2.8
17.1
11
Total nitrogen (N) mg/kg
957
228
1,457
12
Mineral nitrogen
mg/kg
216
48
248
13
Total potassium
(K)
mg/kg
9,237
6,222
6,640
14
Total phosphorus
(P)
mg/kg
428.1
227.9
404.8
15
Total sodium (Na) mg/kg
1,398
1,319
1,524
16
Sodium absorption
ratio
–
11.1
13.2
14.2
17
Total calcium (Ca) mg/kg
3,164
2,807
2,971
18
Na 2 O
mg/kg
1,884
1,778
2,054
19
K 2 O
mg/kg
11,127
7495
7,999
20
P 2 O 5
mg/kg
1,013
539
958
21
Al 2 O 3
mg/kg
38,164
47,590
42,443
22
SiO 2
mg/kg
77.7
75.1
64.4
9 Assessment of Stream Flow Impact on Physicochemical Properties of Water and. . .
221