and post-monsoon. Soil moisture at depths of 15 cm and 30 cm has also been
measured using a soil tensiometer in similar seasons.
Soil and Water Sampling
Quantitative soil and water samples have been collected from the 0 to 30 cm soil
layer on a seasonal basis from different locations: disturbed by anthropogenic
activities, undisturbed area, and the pasture area of a forest area situated near a
natural canal from the nearby forest.
Different physicochemical parameters of the soil (pH, EC, moisture content,
water-holding capacity, bulk density, soil texture, C:N ratio, total carbon, soil
organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, total sodium,
sodium absorption ratio, total calcium, potassium oxide, phosphoric acid, aluminum
content, silica) and water [pH, turbidity, suspended solids (SS), conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, ammoniacal nitrogen, COD, BOD, TC, FC, phosphorus] have been
analyzed on a seasonal basis in the laboratory of the School of Water Resources
Engineering, Jadavpur University.
Data Analysis
Analysis of data was carried out using SPSS software for all soil chemical properties.
The aim was to estimate the water-conserving effects of the forest and also to
investigate the probability of exceedance and equality of annual runoff and its
Fig. 9.5 Rain gauge, evaporimeter, and double ring infiltrometer installed at site in West Sikkim
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measured using a soil tensiometer in similar seasons.
Soil and Water Sampling
Quantitative soil and water samples have been collected from the 0 to 30 cm soil
layer on a seasonal basis from different locations: disturbed by anthropogenic
activities, undisturbed area, and the pasture area of a forest area situated near a
natural canal from the nearby forest.
Different physicochemical parameters of the soil (pH, EC, moisture content,
water-holding capacity, bulk density, soil texture, C:N ratio, total carbon, soil
organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, total sodium,
sodium absorption ratio, total calcium, potassium oxide, phosphoric acid, aluminum
content, silica) and water [pH, turbidity, suspended solids (SS), conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, ammoniacal nitrogen, COD, BOD, TC, FC, phosphorus] have been
analyzed on a seasonal basis in the laboratory of the School of Water Resources
Engineering, Jadavpur University.
Data Analysis
Analysis of data was carried out using SPSS software for all soil chemical properties.
The aim was to estimate the water-conserving effects of the forest and also to
investigate the probability of exceedance and equality of annual runoff and its
Fig. 9.5 Rain gauge, evaporimeter, and double ring infiltrometer installed at site in West Sikkim
214
M. B. Roy et al.