Towards this, availability of data and modelling approaches are important to
create and implement policy level decisions. In situ observations and data collection
may prove to be expensive and time consuming. The role of remote sensing
technologies and citizen science would pave the way towards monitoring multiple
spatial and temporal scales across large swaths of land. Satellite remote sensing can
prove invaluable in monitoring and analysing large-scale and continuous phenological changes at the global scale.
References
Bajpai O, Dutta V, Singh R, Chaudhary LB, Pandey J (2020) Tree community assemblage and
abiotic variables in tropical moist deciduous forest of Himalayan Terai eco-region. Proc Natl
Acad Sci India B Biol Sci 2020:1–11
Baldocchi DD, Black TA, Curtis PS, Falge E, Fuentes JD, Granier A et al (2005) Predicting the
onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a
synthesis of FLUXNET data. Int J Biometeorol 49(6):377–387
Bawa KS, Dayanandan S (1998) Global climate change and tropical forest genetic resources. Clim
Change 39(2–3):473–485
Beatley JC (1974) Phenological events and their environmental triggers in Mojave Desert ecosystems. Ecology 55(4):856–863
Black TA, Chen WJ, Barr AG, Arain MA, Chen Z, Nesic Z et al (2000) Increased carbon
sequestration by a boreal deciduous forest in years with a warm spring. Geophys Res Lett 27
(9):1271–1274
Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of
forests. Science 320(5882):1444–1449
Borchert R, Rivera G, Hagnauer W (2002) Modification of vegetative phenology in a tropical semideciduous Forest by abnormal drought and rain. 1. Biotropica 34(1):27–39
Chakraborty A, Seshasai MVR, Reddy CS, Dadhwal VK (2018) Persistent negative changes in
seasonal greenness over different forest types of India using MODIS time series NDVI data
(2001–2014). Ecol Indic 85:887–903
Chuine I (2010) Why does phenology drive species distribution? Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 365
(1555):3149–3160
Chuine I, Cour P, Rousseau DD (1999) Selecting models to predict the timing of flowering of
temperate trees: implications for tree phenology modelling. Plant Cell Environ 22(1):1–13
Chuine I, Cambon G, Comtois P (2000) Scaling phenology from the local to the regional level:
advances from species-specific phenological models. Glob Change Biol 6(8):943–952
Cleland EE, Chuine I, Menzel A, Mooney HA, Schwartz MD (2007) Shifting plant phenology in
response to global change. Trends Ecol Evol 22(7):357–365
Cooke JE, Eriksson ME, Junttila O (2012) The dynamic nature of bud dormancy in trees:
environmental control and molecular mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ 35(10):1707–1728
Corlett RT, Lafrankie JV (1998) Potential impacts of climate change on tropical Asian forests
through an influence on phenology. Clim Change 39(2-3):439–453
Dai J, Wang H, Ge Q (2014) The spatial pattern of leaf phenology and its response to climate
change in China. Int J Biometeorol 58(4):521–528
De Réaumur RAF (1735) Observations du thermomere. In: Memories Academie Royale Sciences
Paris, pp 545–576
Delpierre N, Vitasse Y, Chuine I, Guillemot J, Bazot S, Rathgeber CB (2016) Temperate and boreal
forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models. Ann For Sci
73(1):5–25
202
P. Tiwari et al.
create and implement policy level decisions. In situ observations and data collection
may prove to be expensive and time consuming. The role of remote sensing
technologies and citizen science would pave the way towards monitoring multiple
spatial and temporal scales across large swaths of land. Satellite remote sensing can
prove invaluable in monitoring and analysing large-scale and continuous phenological changes at the global scale.
References
Bajpai O, Dutta V, Singh R, Chaudhary LB, Pandey J (2020) Tree community assemblage and
abiotic variables in tropical moist deciduous forest of Himalayan Terai eco-region. Proc Natl
Acad Sci India B Biol Sci 2020:1–11
Baldocchi DD, Black TA, Curtis PS, Falge E, Fuentes JD, Granier A et al (2005) Predicting the
onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a
synthesis of FLUXNET data. Int J Biometeorol 49(6):377–387
Bawa KS, Dayanandan S (1998) Global climate change and tropical forest genetic resources. Clim
Change 39(2–3):473–485
Beatley JC (1974) Phenological events and their environmental triggers in Mojave Desert ecosystems. Ecology 55(4):856–863
Black TA, Chen WJ, Barr AG, Arain MA, Chen Z, Nesic Z et al (2000) Increased carbon
sequestration by a boreal deciduous forest in years with a warm spring. Geophys Res Lett 27
(9):1271–1274
Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of
forests. Science 320(5882):1444–1449
Borchert R, Rivera G, Hagnauer W (2002) Modification of vegetative phenology in a tropical semideciduous Forest by abnormal drought and rain. 1. Biotropica 34(1):27–39
Chakraborty A, Seshasai MVR, Reddy CS, Dadhwal VK (2018) Persistent negative changes in
seasonal greenness over different forest types of India using MODIS time series NDVI data
(2001–2014). Ecol Indic 85:887–903
Chuine I (2010) Why does phenology drive species distribution? Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 365
(1555):3149–3160
Chuine I, Cour P, Rousseau DD (1999) Selecting models to predict the timing of flowering of
temperate trees: implications for tree phenology modelling. Plant Cell Environ 22(1):1–13
Chuine I, Cambon G, Comtois P (2000) Scaling phenology from the local to the regional level:
advances from species-specific phenological models. Glob Change Biol 6(8):943–952
Cleland EE, Chuine I, Menzel A, Mooney HA, Schwartz MD (2007) Shifting plant phenology in
response to global change. Trends Ecol Evol 22(7):357–365
Cooke JE, Eriksson ME, Junttila O (2012) The dynamic nature of bud dormancy in trees:
environmental control and molecular mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ 35(10):1707–1728
Corlett RT, Lafrankie JV (1998) Potential impacts of climate change on tropical Asian forests
through an influence on phenology. Clim Change 39(2-3):439–453
Dai J, Wang H, Ge Q (2014) The spatial pattern of leaf phenology and its response to climate
change in China. Int J Biometeorol 58(4):521–528
De Réaumur RAF (1735) Observations du thermomere. In: Memories Academie Royale Sciences
Paris, pp 545–576
Delpierre N, Vitasse Y, Chuine I, Guillemot J, Bazot S, Rathgeber CB (2016) Temperate and boreal
forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models. Ann For Sci
73(1):5–25
202
P. Tiwari et al.