Nonoyama Y, Narisawa K, Ohta H, Watanabe M (2009) Bacterial community in sclerotia of
Cenococcum species and soil in sub-alpine forest, central Japan. Geophysical Research
Abstracts—EGU2009, 11, EGU2009–6512-1
Nonoyama Y, Sakagami N, Narisawa K, Ohta H, Watanabe M (2016) Fungal community analysis
by isolation and clone library in sclerotia from forest soil in Mt. Ontake, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
Soil Microorg 70:56–59
O’Dell TE, Massicotte HB, Trappe JM (1993) Root colonization of Lupinus latifolius Agardh. and
Pinus contorta Dougl. by Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox. New Phytol 124:93–100
Obase K, Douhan GW, Matsuda Y, Smith ME (2014) Culturable fungal assemblages growing
within Cenococcum sclerotia in forest soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol:1–10
Ohta H, Yagi M, Suzuki J, Fujitake N, Watanabe M (2003) Characterization of Sphingomonas spp.
found as predominant members in the culturable bacteria community of a green pigmentcontaining sclerotium grain from Mt. Myoko (Japan) volcanic ash soil. Microbes Environ
18:126–132
Ohtaka N, Narisawa K (2008) Molecular characterization and endophytic nature of the rootassociated fungus Meliniomyces Variabilis (LtVB3). J Gen Plant Pathol 74:24–31
Opik M, Moora M, Liira J, Koljalg U, Zobel M, Sen R (2003) Divergent arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungal communities colonize roots of Pulsatilla spp. in boreal Scots pine forest and grassland
soils. New Phytol 160:581–593
Pan H, Zhiang T, Kong J (2009) Notes on soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Yellow River
source area, China. Mycosystema 28:014–019
Pennanen T, Heiskanen J, Korkama U (2005) Dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi and growth of
Norway spruce seedlings after planting on a mounded forest clear-cut. For Ecol Manag
213:243–252
Renker C, Weißhuhn K, Kellner H, Buscot F (2006) Rationalizing molecular analysis of fieldcollected roots for assessing diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: to pool, or not to pool,
that is the question. Mycorrhiza 16:525–531
Sakagami N (2009a) Analysis on formation factor of sclerotia of Cenococcum geophilum in Picea
abies forest, Harz Mts., Germany. Geogr Rev Jpn Ser B 82:184–195
Sakagami N (2009b) Distributional optimum of sclerotia, resting bodies of Cenococcum geophilum
in forest soils. Geogr Rep Tokyo Metropol Univ 46:63–72
Schütte UME, Abdo Z, Bent SJ, Shyu C, Williams CJ, Pierson JD, Forney LF (2008) Advances in
the use of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA
genes to characterize microbial communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:365–380
Singh BK, Munro S, Reid E, Ord B, Potts JM, Paterson E, Millard P (2006) Investigating microbial
community structure in soils by physiological, biochemical and molecular fingerprinting
methods. Eur J Soil Sci 57:72–82
Smith ME, Henkel TW, Rollins JA (2015) How many fungi make sclerotia? Fungal Ecol 13:211–
220
Stoyke G, Currah RSH (1993) Resynthesis in pure culture of a common sub-alpine fungus-root
association using Phialocephala fortinii and Menziesia ferruginea (Ericaceae). Arct Alp Res
25:189–193
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Ne M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular
evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum
parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739
Trappe JM (1962) Cenococcum graniforme—its distribution, ecology, mycorrhiza formation, and
inherent variation. Ph.D. thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Trappe JM (1969) Studies on Cenococcum graniforme. I. An efficient method for isolation from
sclerotia. Can J Bot 47:1389–1390
Wagg C, Pautler M, Massicotte HB, Peterson RL (2008) The co-occurrence of ectomycorrhizal,
arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate fungi in seedlings of four members of the Pinaceae.
Mycorrhiza 18:103–110
2 Fungal Communities of Sclerotia Grains from Forest Soils
33
Cenococcum species and soil in sub-alpine forest, central Japan. Geophysical Research
Abstracts—EGU2009, 11, EGU2009–6512-1
Nonoyama Y, Sakagami N, Narisawa K, Ohta H, Watanabe M (2016) Fungal community analysis
by isolation and clone library in sclerotia from forest soil in Mt. Ontake, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
Soil Microorg 70:56–59
O’Dell TE, Massicotte HB, Trappe JM (1993) Root colonization of Lupinus latifolius Agardh. and
Pinus contorta Dougl. by Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox. New Phytol 124:93–100
Obase K, Douhan GW, Matsuda Y, Smith ME (2014) Culturable fungal assemblages growing
within Cenococcum sclerotia in forest soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol:1–10
Ohta H, Yagi M, Suzuki J, Fujitake N, Watanabe M (2003) Characterization of Sphingomonas spp.
found as predominant members in the culturable bacteria community of a green pigmentcontaining sclerotium grain from Mt. Myoko (Japan) volcanic ash soil. Microbes Environ
18:126–132
Ohtaka N, Narisawa K (2008) Molecular characterization and endophytic nature of the rootassociated fungus Meliniomyces Variabilis (LtVB3). J Gen Plant Pathol 74:24–31
Opik M, Moora M, Liira J, Koljalg U, Zobel M, Sen R (2003) Divergent arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungal communities colonize roots of Pulsatilla spp. in boreal Scots pine forest and grassland
soils. New Phytol 160:581–593
Pan H, Zhiang T, Kong J (2009) Notes on soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Yellow River
source area, China. Mycosystema 28:014–019
Pennanen T, Heiskanen J, Korkama U (2005) Dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi and growth of
Norway spruce seedlings after planting on a mounded forest clear-cut. For Ecol Manag
213:243–252
Renker C, Weißhuhn K, Kellner H, Buscot F (2006) Rationalizing molecular analysis of fieldcollected roots for assessing diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: to pool, or not to pool,
that is the question. Mycorrhiza 16:525–531
Sakagami N (2009a) Analysis on formation factor of sclerotia of Cenococcum geophilum in Picea
abies forest, Harz Mts., Germany. Geogr Rev Jpn Ser B 82:184–195
Sakagami N (2009b) Distributional optimum of sclerotia, resting bodies of Cenococcum geophilum
in forest soils. Geogr Rep Tokyo Metropol Univ 46:63–72
Schütte UME, Abdo Z, Bent SJ, Shyu C, Williams CJ, Pierson JD, Forney LF (2008) Advances in
the use of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA
genes to characterize microbial communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:365–380
Singh BK, Munro S, Reid E, Ord B, Potts JM, Paterson E, Millard P (2006) Investigating microbial
community structure in soils by physiological, biochemical and molecular fingerprinting
methods. Eur J Soil Sci 57:72–82
Smith ME, Henkel TW, Rollins JA (2015) How many fungi make sclerotia? Fungal Ecol 13:211–
220
Stoyke G, Currah RSH (1993) Resynthesis in pure culture of a common sub-alpine fungus-root
association using Phialocephala fortinii and Menziesia ferruginea (Ericaceae). Arct Alp Res
25:189–193
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Ne M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular
evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum
parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739
Trappe JM (1962) Cenococcum graniforme—its distribution, ecology, mycorrhiza formation, and
inherent variation. Ph.D. thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Trappe JM (1969) Studies on Cenococcum graniforme. I. An efficient method for isolation from
sclerotia. Can J Bot 47:1389–1390
Wagg C, Pautler M, Massicotte HB, Peterson RL (2008) The co-occurrence of ectomycorrhizal,
arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate fungi in seedlings of four members of the Pinaceae.
Mycorrhiza 18:103–110
2 Fungal Communities of Sclerotia Grains from Forest Soils
33