Nanjo and Kanno (2018) confirmed sclerotia grains of a 0.1 mm diameter size and
demonstrated as an aluminum dominant inorganic constituents in Andisol: Pachic
melanudand profile, in Kiwadashima, Tochigi, Japan, by SEM-EDX analyses
(Fig. 1.7). Their existence in the A3 horizon at depth of 30–80 cm, which is 10 cm
above the 30 cm thickness layer of the Shichihonzakura Pumice derived from the
eruption of 12,700 years B.P. Nantai volcano (Machida and Arai 2003), suggests the
early stage of soil formation had been developed under past soil ecology with
relation of Cenococcum geophilum.
1.4 Conclusion
Earth science evidence prove the occurrence of the abrupt Younger Dryas climate
event in the northern hemisphere ca.12,900 years ago, when the last glacial period
begins to dawn. Although there are various theories for the cause, there is no doubt
that a large number of fungal sclerotia grains have been detected in sedimentary
layers of the northern hemisphere corresponding to this period. It is also a clear fact
that sclerotia grains transport down river systems and accumulate into lake sediments. The black spheric resting bodies of Cenococcum spp. detected from forest
Fig. 1.7 Sclerotia grains collected from buried A horizon of Pachic Andisols, Tochigi Prefecture,
Japan (Nanjo and Kanno 2018). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-1214-4_4
1 Introduction
11
demonstrated as an aluminum dominant inorganic constituents in Andisol: Pachic
melanudand profile, in Kiwadashima, Tochigi, Japan, by SEM-EDX analyses
(Fig. 1.7). Their existence in the A3 horizon at depth of 30–80 cm, which is 10 cm
above the 30 cm thickness layer of the Shichihonzakura Pumice derived from the
eruption of 12,700 years B.P. Nantai volcano (Machida and Arai 2003), suggests the
early stage of soil formation had been developed under past soil ecology with
relation of Cenococcum geophilum.
1.4 Conclusion
Earth science evidence prove the occurrence of the abrupt Younger Dryas climate
event in the northern hemisphere ca.12,900 years ago, when the last glacial period
begins to dawn. Although there are various theories for the cause, there is no doubt
that a large number of fungal sclerotia grains have been detected in sedimentary
layers of the northern hemisphere corresponding to this period. It is also a clear fact
that sclerotia grains transport down river systems and accumulate into lake sediments. The black spheric resting bodies of Cenococcum spp. detected from forest
Fig. 1.7 Sclerotia grains collected from buried A horizon of Pachic Andisols, Tochigi Prefecture,
Japan (Nanjo and Kanno 2018). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-1214-4_4
1 Introduction
11