As a matter of fact, differences in the composition of neutral saccharides among
soils from different agricultural management methods, land utilization, soil horizon,
or soil fractions have been interpreted based on the relative abundance of plantderived and microbe-derived saccharides. These discussions are based on clarification of which sugar components found in soil are synthesized by microorganisms
and plants, respectively.
6.3.1 Comparison of Neutral Monosaccharide Composition
Between Plant Materials and Soil
A comparison of monosaccharide composition between plant materials and soil may
provide clues to which saccharides are microbially synthesized in soil.
6.3.1.1 Monosaccharide Composition of Plant Materials
The monosaccharide composition of some plant materials is presented in Fig. 6.2
and Table 6.1.
Woody plant materials were collected from a subalpine evergreen coniferous
forest (Tadaki 1996) at Yunohna Pass (2103 m a.s.l) and a subalpine anthropogenic
Betula forest (Sakagami 2011) at Nigorigo Pass (1715 m a.s.l.) in Gero, Gifu
prefecture, along a trail on the northwest side of Mt. Ontake (3067 m high) in the
central region of Japan, at early November 2008 (Sugiura 2010). Yunohana Pass was
the site from where soil was sampled for collection of ectomycorrhizal fungal
sclerotium grain by Sugiura et al. (2017).
For Northern Japanese hemlock (Tsuja diversifolia Mast) and Korean pine (Pinus
koraiensis Zucc), samples were fresh green shoots (with needles). For Japanese thuja
(Thuja standishii Carr), sample was litter of shoots (with needles) discolored to
yellowish-brown without signs of obvious mycelia development. For coniferous tree
trunk, sample was collected by hand from inside of a fallen tree trunk of ca. 30 cm in
diameter and ca. 600 cm in length on the soil surface. Neither bark nor branch was
attached, and several slits were observed on surface and inside of the weathered
trunk. Its species was considered to be Maries fir (Abies mariesii Mast) by neighboring standing tree species. These four plant materials were taken at Yunohana
Pass. As a deciduous woody plant, for Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var.
japonica), yellowish-brown leaf litter with light signs of mycelia development was
sampled at Nigorigo Pass.
As herbaceous plants, for bamboo grass (Sasa palmate var. niijimae), a whole top
(about 280 cm hight) collected in Nigorigo Pass was used. For pampas grass
(Miscanthus sinensis, L) and goldenrod (Solidago altissima, L.), the whole top of
mature flowering time sampled from a embankment of the Tempaku River, Nagoya,
Aichi prefecture was used (Atsumi 2008). The average plant height of the former and
96
S. Murayama and Y. Sugiura
soils from different agricultural management methods, land utilization, soil horizon,
or soil fractions have been interpreted based on the relative abundance of plantderived and microbe-derived saccharides. These discussions are based on clarification of which sugar components found in soil are synthesized by microorganisms
and plants, respectively.
6.3.1 Comparison of Neutral Monosaccharide Composition
Between Plant Materials and Soil
A comparison of monosaccharide composition between plant materials and soil may
provide clues to which saccharides are microbially synthesized in soil.
6.3.1.1 Monosaccharide Composition of Plant Materials
The monosaccharide composition of some plant materials is presented in Fig. 6.2
and Table 6.1.
Woody plant materials were collected from a subalpine evergreen coniferous
forest (Tadaki 1996) at Yunohna Pass (2103 m a.s.l) and a subalpine anthropogenic
Betula forest (Sakagami 2011) at Nigorigo Pass (1715 m a.s.l.) in Gero, Gifu
prefecture, along a trail on the northwest side of Mt. Ontake (3067 m high) in the
central region of Japan, at early November 2008 (Sugiura 2010). Yunohana Pass was
the site from where soil was sampled for collection of ectomycorrhizal fungal
sclerotium grain by Sugiura et al. (2017).
For Northern Japanese hemlock (Tsuja diversifolia Mast) and Korean pine (Pinus
koraiensis Zucc), samples were fresh green shoots (with needles). For Japanese thuja
(Thuja standishii Carr), sample was litter of shoots (with needles) discolored to
yellowish-brown without signs of obvious mycelia development. For coniferous tree
trunk, sample was collected by hand from inside of a fallen tree trunk of ca. 30 cm in
diameter and ca. 600 cm in length on the soil surface. Neither bark nor branch was
attached, and several slits were observed on surface and inside of the weathered
trunk. Its species was considered to be Maries fir (Abies mariesii Mast) by neighboring standing tree species. These four plant materials were taken at Yunohana
Pass. As a deciduous woody plant, for Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var.
japonica), yellowish-brown leaf litter with light signs of mycelia development was
sampled at Nigorigo Pass.
As herbaceous plants, for bamboo grass (Sasa palmate var. niijimae), a whole top
(about 280 cm hight) collected in Nigorigo Pass was used. For pampas grass
(Miscanthus sinensis, L) and goldenrod (Solidago altissima, L.), the whole top of
mature flowering time sampled from a embankment of the Tempaku River, Nagoya,
Aichi prefecture was used (Atsumi 2008). The average plant height of the former and
96
S. Murayama and Y. Sugiura