fouling control or/and prevention. The modern tendencies
are directed to the creation of membrane materials with
anti-fouling properties. Membrane surface modification is
one effective strategy. Deposition of novel surface layer by
engineering hydrophilicity and charging nature has been a
mature solution to prevent foulant adhesion to the
hydrophobic and electrostatic attractive membranes.
Anti-fouling effect can also be achieved by making the
membrane surface smooth.
Moreover, synthesis of new functional membrane is
another anti-fouling strategy. By incorporating good functional groups of less sensitivity to fouling (e.g., aliphatic
polymer or nanocomposite ones) into novel membrane
phase, the developed membrane exhibited extraordinary
anti-fouling potential, as well as enhancement to other
membrane property due to the new functional materials.
However, the modified membranes usually have
anti-fouling properties against certain fouling type, which
could be ineffective for complex solutions containing different fouling types. From this point, the perspective direction to investigate the effectiveness of already existed
modified membranes against different fouling agents as well
as IEM modification to create new membrane resistant to
fouling with different nature requires more work.
References
Allison, R. P. (2005). Electrodialysis treatment of surface and waste
waters. GE Water and Process Technologies, 1–5.
Alvarado, L., Ramirez, A., & Rodriguez-Torres, I. (2009). Cr(VI)
removal by continuous electrodeionization: Study of its basic
technologies. Desalination, 249, 423–428.
Arar, O., Yuksel, U., Kabay, N., & Yuksel, M. (2011). Removal of Cu
2
+ ions by a micro-flow electrodeionization (EDI) system. Desalination, 277, 296–300.
Araya-Farias, M., & Bazinet, L. (2006). Electrodialysis of calcium and
carbonate high-concentration solutions and impact on membrane
fouling. Desalination, 200, 624.
Audinos, R. (1997). Ion-exchange membrane processes for clean
industrial chemistry. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 20,
247–258.
Banasiak, L. J., & Schäfer, A. I. (2009). Removal of boron, fluoride and
nitrate by electrodialysis in the presence of organic matter. Journal
of Membrane Science, 334, 101–109.
Bazinet, L., Brianceau, S., Dubé, P., & Desjardins, Y. (2012).
Evolution of cranberry juice physico-chemical parameters during
phenolic antioxidant enrichment by electrodialysis with filtration
membrane. Separation and Purification Technology, 87, 31–39.
Bhadja, V., Makwana, B. S., Maiti, S., Sharma, S., & Chatterjee, U.
(2015). Comparative efficacy study of different types of ion
exchange membranes for production of ultrapure water via
electrodeionization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,
54, 10974–10982.
Ben Sik Ali, M., Hamrouni, B., & Dhahbi, M. (2010). Electrodialytic
defluoridation of brackish water: Effect of process parameters and
water characteristics. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 38(7), 623–629.
Bukhovets, A., Eliseeva, T., & Oren, Y. (2010). Fouling of
anion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis of aromatic amino
acid solution. Journal of Membrane Science, 364, 339–343.
Campione, A., Gurreri, L., Ciofalo, M., Micale, G., Tamburini, A., &
Cipollina, A. (2018). Electrodialysis for water desalination: A
critical assessment of recent developments on process fundamentals,
models and applications. Desalination, 434, 121–160.
Chen, S., Li, L., Zhao, C., & Zheng, J. (2010). Surface hydration:
Principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials. Polymer, 51, 5283–5293.
Choi, M. J., Chae, K. J., Ajayi, F. F., Kim, K. Y., Yu, H. W., Kim, C.
W., & Kim, I. S. (2011). Effects of biofouling on ion transport
through cation exchange membranes and microbial fuel cell
performance. Bioresource Technology, 102, 298–303.
Cifuentes-Araya, N., Pourcelly, G., & Bazinet, L. (2011). Impact of
pulsed electric field on electrodialysis process performance and
membrane fouling during consecutive demineralization of a model
salt solution containing a high magnesium/calcium ratio. Journal of
Colloid and Interface Science, 361, 79–89.
Cifuentes-Araya, N., Pourcelly, G., & Bazinet, L. (2012). Multistep
mineral fouling growth on a cation-exchange membrane ruled by
gradual sieving effects of magnesium and carbonate ions and its
delay by pulsed modes of electrodialysis. Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science, 372, 217–230.
Cohen, R. D., & Probstein, R. F. (1986). Colloidal fouling of
reverse-osmosis membranes. Journal of Colloid and Interface
Science, 114, 194–207.
Dermentzis, K. (2010). Removal of nickel from electroplating
rinse waters using electrostatic shielding electrodialysis/
electrodeionization. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 647–652.
Disabb-Miller, M. L., Zha, Y., DeCarlo, A. J., Pawar, M., Tew, G. N.,
& Hickner, M. A. (2013). Water uptake and ion mobility in
cross-linked bis(terpyridine)ruthenium-based anion exchange membranes. Macromolecules, 46, 9279–9287.
Dong, Z. Q., Wang, B. J., Ma, X. H., Wei, Y. M., & Xu, Z. L. (2015).
FAS grafted electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber membranes
with robust superhydrophobicity for membrane distillation. ACS
Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7, 22652–22659.
Dydo, P., & Turek, M. (2013). Boron transport and removal using
ion-exchange membranes: A critical review. Desalination, 310,
2–8.
Fernandez-Gonzalez, C., Zhang, B., Dominguez-Ramos, A., Ibañez, R.,
Irabien, A., & Chen, Y. (2017). Enhancing fouling resistance of
polyethylene anion exchange membranes using carbon nanotubes
and iron oxide nanoparticles. Desalination, 411, 19–27.
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., & Szewzyk, U. (2011). Biofilm
highlights. Berlin: Springer.
Frioui, S., Oumeddour, R., & Lacour, S. (2017). Highly selective
extraction of metal ions from dilute solutions by hybrid electrodialysis technology. Separation and Purification Technology, 174,
264–274.
Goh, P. S., Lau, W. J., Othman, M. H. D., & Ismail, A. F. (2018).
Membrane fouling in desalination and its mitigation strategies.
Desalination, 425, 130–155.
Grebenyuk, R. D. C. V. D., Peters, S., & Linkov, V. (1998). Surface
modification of anion-exchange electrodialysis membranes to
enhance anti-fouling characteristics. Desalination, 115, 313–329.
Guo, H., Xiao, L., Yu, S., Yang, H., Hu, J., Liu, G., & Tang, Y. (2014).
Analysis of anion exchange membrane fouling mechanism caused
by anion polyacrylamide in electrodialysis. Desalination, 346, 46–
53.
Hao, L., Liao, J., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, J., Zhao, Y., Van der Bruggen,
B., Sotto, A., & Shen, J. N. (2018). “Sandwich”-like structure
modified anion exchange membrane with enhanced monovalent
Current Strategies for the Design of Anti-fouling …
23
are directed to the creation of membrane materials with
anti-fouling properties. Membrane surface modification is
one effective strategy. Deposition of novel surface layer by
engineering hydrophilicity and charging nature has been a
mature solution to prevent foulant adhesion to the
hydrophobic and electrostatic attractive membranes.
Anti-fouling effect can also be achieved by making the
membrane surface smooth.
Moreover, synthesis of new functional membrane is
another anti-fouling strategy. By incorporating good functional groups of less sensitivity to fouling (e.g., aliphatic
polymer or nanocomposite ones) into novel membrane
phase, the developed membrane exhibited extraordinary
anti-fouling potential, as well as enhancement to other
membrane property due to the new functional materials.
However, the modified membranes usually have
anti-fouling properties against certain fouling type, which
could be ineffective for complex solutions containing different fouling types. From this point, the perspective direction to investigate the effectiveness of already existed
modified membranes against different fouling agents as well
as IEM modification to create new membrane resistant to
fouling with different nature requires more work.
References
Allison, R. P. (2005). Electrodialysis treatment of surface and waste
waters. GE Water and Process Technologies, 1–5.
Alvarado, L., Ramirez, A., & Rodriguez-Torres, I. (2009). Cr(VI)
removal by continuous electrodeionization: Study of its basic
technologies. Desalination, 249, 423–428.
Arar, O., Yuksel, U., Kabay, N., & Yuksel, M. (2011). Removal of Cu
2
+ ions by a micro-flow electrodeionization (EDI) system. Desalination, 277, 296–300.
Araya-Farias, M., & Bazinet, L. (2006). Electrodialysis of calcium and
carbonate high-concentration solutions and impact on membrane
fouling. Desalination, 200, 624.
Audinos, R. (1997). Ion-exchange membrane processes for clean
industrial chemistry. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 20,
247–258.
Banasiak, L. J., & Schäfer, A. I. (2009). Removal of boron, fluoride and
nitrate by electrodialysis in the presence of organic matter. Journal
of Membrane Science, 334, 101–109.
Bazinet, L., Brianceau, S., Dubé, P., & Desjardins, Y. (2012).
Evolution of cranberry juice physico-chemical parameters during
phenolic antioxidant enrichment by electrodialysis with filtration
membrane. Separation and Purification Technology, 87, 31–39.
Bhadja, V., Makwana, B. S., Maiti, S., Sharma, S., & Chatterjee, U.
(2015). Comparative efficacy study of different types of ion
exchange membranes for production of ultrapure water via
electrodeionization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,
54, 10974–10982.
Ben Sik Ali, M., Hamrouni, B., & Dhahbi, M. (2010). Electrodialytic
defluoridation of brackish water: Effect of process parameters and
water characteristics. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 38(7), 623–629.
Bukhovets, A., Eliseeva, T., & Oren, Y. (2010). Fouling of
anion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis of aromatic amino
acid solution. Journal of Membrane Science, 364, 339–343.
Campione, A., Gurreri, L., Ciofalo, M., Micale, G., Tamburini, A., &
Cipollina, A. (2018). Electrodialysis for water desalination: A
critical assessment of recent developments on process fundamentals,
models and applications. Desalination, 434, 121–160.
Chen, S., Li, L., Zhao, C., & Zheng, J. (2010). Surface hydration:
Principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials. Polymer, 51, 5283–5293.
Choi, M. J., Chae, K. J., Ajayi, F. F., Kim, K. Y., Yu, H. W., Kim, C.
W., & Kim, I. S. (2011). Effects of biofouling on ion transport
through cation exchange membranes and microbial fuel cell
performance. Bioresource Technology, 102, 298–303.
Cifuentes-Araya, N., Pourcelly, G., & Bazinet, L. (2011). Impact of
pulsed electric field on electrodialysis process performance and
membrane fouling during consecutive demineralization of a model
salt solution containing a high magnesium/calcium ratio. Journal of
Colloid and Interface Science, 361, 79–89.
Cifuentes-Araya, N., Pourcelly, G., & Bazinet, L. (2012). Multistep
mineral fouling growth on a cation-exchange membrane ruled by
gradual sieving effects of magnesium and carbonate ions and its
delay by pulsed modes of electrodialysis. Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science, 372, 217–230.
Cohen, R. D., & Probstein, R. F. (1986). Colloidal fouling of
reverse-osmosis membranes. Journal of Colloid and Interface
Science, 114, 194–207.
Dermentzis, K. (2010). Removal of nickel from electroplating
rinse waters using electrostatic shielding electrodialysis/
electrodeionization. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 647–652.
Disabb-Miller, M. L., Zha, Y., DeCarlo, A. J., Pawar, M., Tew, G. N.,
& Hickner, M. A. (2013). Water uptake and ion mobility in
cross-linked bis(terpyridine)ruthenium-based anion exchange membranes. Macromolecules, 46, 9279–9287.
Dong, Z. Q., Wang, B. J., Ma, X. H., Wei, Y. M., & Xu, Z. L. (2015).
FAS grafted electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber membranes
with robust superhydrophobicity for membrane distillation. ACS
Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7, 22652–22659.
Dydo, P., & Turek, M. (2013). Boron transport and removal using
ion-exchange membranes: A critical review. Desalination, 310,
2–8.
Fernandez-Gonzalez, C., Zhang, B., Dominguez-Ramos, A., Ibañez, R.,
Irabien, A., & Chen, Y. (2017). Enhancing fouling resistance of
polyethylene anion exchange membranes using carbon nanotubes
and iron oxide nanoparticles. Desalination, 411, 19–27.
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., & Szewzyk, U. (2011). Biofilm
highlights. Berlin: Springer.
Frioui, S., Oumeddour, R., & Lacour, S. (2017). Highly selective
extraction of metal ions from dilute solutions by hybrid electrodialysis technology. Separation and Purification Technology, 174,
264–274.
Goh, P. S., Lau, W. J., Othman, M. H. D., & Ismail, A. F. (2018).
Membrane fouling in desalination and its mitigation strategies.
Desalination, 425, 130–155.
Grebenyuk, R. D. C. V. D., Peters, S., & Linkov, V. (1998). Surface
modification of anion-exchange electrodialysis membranes to
enhance anti-fouling characteristics. Desalination, 115, 313–329.
Guo, H., Xiao, L., Yu, S., Yang, H., Hu, J., Liu, G., & Tang, Y. (2014).
Analysis of anion exchange membrane fouling mechanism caused
by anion polyacrylamide in electrodialysis. Desalination, 346, 46–
53.
Hao, L., Liao, J., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, J., Zhao, Y., Van der Bruggen,
B., Sotto, A., & Shen, J. N. (2018). “Sandwich”-like structure
modified anion exchange membrane with enhanced monovalent
Current Strategies for the Design of Anti-fouling …
23